Common reference string model

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In cryptography, the common reference string (CRS) model captures the assumption that a trusted setup in which all involved parties get access to the same string crs taken from some distribution D exists. Schemes proven secure in the CRS model are secure given that the setup was performed correctly. The common reference string model is a generalization of the common random string model, in which D is the uniform distribution of bit strings. The CRS model is equivalent to the reference string model and the public parameters model ^[1].

The CRS model has applications in the study of non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs and universal composability.