COBRA (avant-garde movement)
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COBRA (or CoBrA) was a European avant-garde movement active from 1949 to 1952. The name was coined in 1948 by Christian Dotremont from the initials of the members' home cities: Copenhagen (Co), Brussels (Br), Amsterdam (A).
COBRA was formed from an amalgamation of the Dutch group Reflex, the Danish group Høst and the Belgian Revolutionary Surrealist Group. The group held two large exhibitions, one at the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam (1949) and the other at the Palais des Beaux-Arts in Liège (1951). The primary focus of the group consisted of semiabstract paintings with brilliant color, violent brushwork, and distorted human figures inspired by primitive and folk art and similar to American action painting. Cobra was a milestone in the development of Tachisme and European abstract expressionism.
There is a Cobra Museum in Amstelveen, Netherlands, displaying works by Karel Appel and other international avant-garde art.
Auctioneers Bruun Rasmussen held an auction of COBRA artists on April 3, 2006 in Copenhagen. It set records for the highest price for an Asger Jorn painting (6.4 million DKK for Tristesse Blanche) and for the highest amount raised in a single auction in Denmark (30 million DKK in total).
[edit] Participants
Some of the prominent participants in COBRA were:
- Pierre Alechinsky (born 1927)
- Else Alfelt (1910-1974)
- Karel Appel (1921-2006)
- Jean-Michel Atlan (1913-1960)
- Ejler Bille (1910-2004)
- Eugene Brands (1913-2002)
- Pol Bury (1922-2005)
- Jacques Calonne (born 1930)
- Hugo Claus (1929-2008)
- Constant (1920-2005)
- Corneille (born 1922)
- Christian Dotremont (1922-1979)
- Jacques Doucet (born 1924)
- Lotti van der Gaag (1923-1999)
- William Gear (1915-1997)
- Stephen Gilbert (1910-2007)
- Svavar Guðnason (1909-1988)
- Henry Heerup (1907-1993)
- Egill Jacobsen (1910-1998)
- Edouard Jaguer (1924-2006)
- Asger Jorn (1914-1973)
- Aart Kemink (1914-2006)
- Lucebert (1924-1994)
- Jørgen Nash (1920-2004)
- Joseph Noiret (born 1927)
- Jan Nieuwenhuys (1922-1986)
- Erik Ortvad (born 1917)
- Andrea de la Devix
- Pieter Ouborg (1893-1956)
- Carl-Henning Pedersen (1913-2007)
- Anton Rooskens (1906-1976)
- Raoul Ubac (1910-1985)
- Theo Wolvecamp (1925-1992)
[edit] Related artists
Some of the artists who had contact with the COBRA group, and were influenced by their outlook, were: