Clinton Hart Merriam
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| Clinton Hart Merriam | |
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| Born | December 5, 1855 New York City |
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| Died | March 19, 1942 (aged 86) Berkeley, California |
| Nationality | USA |
| Fields | Zoology Ornithology Ethnography |
| Institutions | United States Department of Agriculture National Geographic Society |
| Known for | Life zone |
Clinton Hart Merriam (December 5, 1855-March 19, 1942) was an American zoologist, ornithologist, entomologist and ethnographer.
He was born in New York City in 1855. His father, Clinton Levi Merriam, was a U.S. congressman. He studied biology and anatomy at Yale University and went on to obtain an M.D. from the School of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University in 1879.
In 1886, he became the first chief of the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy of the United States Department of Agriculture, predecessor to the National Wildlife Research Center and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. He was one of the original founders of the National Geographic Society in 1888. He developed the "life zones" concept to classify biomes found in North America.
In 1899, he helped railroad magnate E. H. Harriman to organize an exploratory voyage along the Alaska coastline.
Some species of animals that bear his name are Merriam's Wild Turkey Meliagris gallopavo meriami, the now extinct Merriam's Elk Cervus elaphus merriami, and Merriam's Chipmunk Tamias merriami. Much of his detail-oriented taxonomy continues to be influential within mammalogical and ornithological circles.
Later in life, funded by the Harriman family, Merriam's focus shifted to studying and assisting the Native American tribes in the western United States. His contributions on the myths of central California and on ethnogeography were particularly noteworthy.
His sister Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey was a pioneering ornithologist who introduced the idea of popular field guides for bird identification.
He died in Berkeley, California in 1942.
[edit] References
- Bean, Lowell John. 1993. "Introduction". In The Dawn of the World: Myths and Tales of the Miwok Indians of California, by C. Hart Merriam, pp. 1-12. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
- Kroeber, A. L. 1955. "C. Hart Merriam as Anthropologist". In Studies of California Indians, by C. Hart Merriam, pp. vii-xiv. University of California Press, Berkeley.
- Sterling, Keir B. 1974. The Last of the Naturalists: The Career of C. Hart Merriam. Arno Press, New York.
- Anon. 1942 [Merriam, C. H.] Ent. News 53:150
- Anon. 1942 [Merriam, C. H.] Science 95: 318
- Daubunnire, R. F. 1938: [Merriam, C. H.]. Quart. Rev. Biol. 13:327-332
[edit] External links
- C. Hart Merriam, Dawn of the World: Myths and Weird Tales Told by the Mewan Indians of California (1910)
- C. Hart Merriam, “Indian Village and Camp Sites in Yosemite Valley,” Sierra Club Bulletin (1917)
- USDA Merriam National Wildlife Research Center
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Merriam, Clinton Hart |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | American zoologist and ornithologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 5, 1855 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | New York City |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 19, 1942 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Berkeley, California |
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