Clathrin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Clathrin (Bos taurus) bound to NAD | |
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clathrin, light polypeptide (Lca)
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | CLTA |
| Entrez | 1211 |
| HUGO | 2090 |
| OMIM | 118960 |
| RefSeq | NM_007096 |
| UniProt | P09496 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 12 q23-q24 |
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clathrin, light polypeptide (Lcb)
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | CLTB |
| Entrez | 1212 |
| HUGO | 2091 |
| OMIM | 118970 |
| RefSeq | NM_001834 |
| UniProt | P09497 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 4 q |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | CLTC |
| Alt. Symbols | CLTCL2 |
| Entrez | 1213 |
| HUGO | 2092 |
| OMIM | 118955 |
| RefSeq | NM_004859 |
| UniProt | Q00610 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 17 q11-qter |
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clathrin, heavy polypeptide-like 1
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | CLTCL1 |
| Alt. Symbols | CLTCL |
| Entrez | 8218 |
| HUGO | 2093 |
| OMIM | 601273 |
| RefSeq | NM_001835 |
| UniProt | P53675 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 22 q11.2 |
Clathrin is a protein that is the major constituent of the 'coat' of the clathrin-coated pits and coated vesicles formed during endocytosis of materials at the surface of cells.
Clathrin molecules are recruited with the aid of adaptor proteins to a membrane segment that is destined to be incorporated into a vesicle. In synaptic vesicle formation, one such adaptor protein is AP180 (see here for micrographs of clathrin assembly). This protein both recruits clathrin to membranes and also promotes its polymerisation in a localized polyhedral lattice on the plasma membrane. Epsin can also recruit clathrin to membranes and promote its polymerisation, and, in this case, the epsin helps deform the membrane and thus clathrin coated vesicles can bud (see here for micrographs of vesicle budding). After vesicle scission, the coat quickly falls off and may then be reused to form fresh-coated pits and vesicles. The un-coated vesicle then fuses with endosomes, delivering its contents to them; this membrane is ultimately returned to the cell surface.
Summary: 1) In response to a stimulus (eg. receptor tyrosine kinase meets a ligand), adaptin binds to the C-terminus of many molecules on the cell surface 2) The clathrin heavy and light chains will bind to and polymerize around the vesicle, which will pinch off 3) Unlike COPI and COPII, a piece of the membrane is pinched off, mediated by dynamin 4) Once clathrin coated vesicles have separated, clathrin coats disassemble to leave the naked transport vesicle 5)Vesicles are transported by mechanisms associated with microtubules within the cell, and then fuse with other membrane structures (eg. endosomes).
A similar process also buds membrane segments from intracellular organelles, such as in the formation of vesicles from the trans-Golgi network.
Clathrin was first isolated and named by Barbara Pearse in 1975.[1]
[edit] See also
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[edit] References
- ^ Pearse, B.M.F. (Apr 1976). "Clathrin: a unique protein associated with intracellular transfer of membrane by coated vesicles". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73 (4): 1255-9. PMID 1063406.
- Ford MG; Pearse BM, Higgins MK, Vallis Y, Owen DJ, Gibson A, Hopkins CR, Evans PR, McMahon HT. (Feb 2001). "Simultaneous binding of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and clathrin by AP180 in the nucleation of clathrin lattices on membranes". Science 291 (5506): 1051-5. doi:. PMID 11161218.
- Wakeham DE; Chen CY, Greene B, Hwang PK, Brodsky FM (Oct 2003). "Clathrin self-assembly involves coordinated weak interactions favorable for cellular regulation". EMBO J. 22 (19): 4980-90.. doi:. PMID 14517237.
- Ford MG; Mills IG, Peter BJ, Vallis Y, Praefcke GJ, Evans PR, McMahon HT. (Sep 2002). "Curvature of clathrin-coated pits driven by epsin.". Nature 419 (6905): 361-6. doi:. PMID 12353027.
- Fotin A; Cheng Y, Sliz P, Grigorieff N, Harrison S, Kirchhausten T, Walz T (Dec 2004). "Molecular model for a complete clathrin lattice from electron cryomicroscopy". Nature 432: 573-9.. doi:.
- Berg T; S Mousavi, Malerod L, Kjeken R (2004). "Clathrin-dependent endocytosis". Biochem J 377: 1-16..
- Smith CJ; Grigorieff N, Pearse BMF. (Sep 1998). "Clathrin coats at 21 Å resolution: a cellular assembly designed to recycle multiple membrane receptors". The EMBO Journal 17 (17): 4943-53. doi:. PMID 9724631. (Model of Clathrin assembly)
- Pérez-Gómez J; Moore I. (Mar 2007). "Plant Endocytosis: It Is Clathrin after All". Curr Biol. 17 (6): 217-9. doi:. PMID 17371763. (Review on involvement of clathrin in plant endocytosis - proven recently)
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