Clare Winger Harris

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Cover of the April, 1928 issue of Amazing Stories, which featured Clare Winger Harris's classic short story "The Miracle of the Lily."
Cover of the April, 1928 issue of Amazing Stories, which featured Clare Winger Harris's classic short story "The Miracle of the Lily."

Clare Winger Harris (January 18, 1891- October, 1968) was an early science fiction writer whose short stories were published during the 1920s. She is credited as the first woman to publish stories under her own name in science fiction magazines.[1] Her stories generally featured strong female characters and dealt with characters on the "borders of humanity" such as cyborgs.[2]

Contents

[edit] Life

Clare Winger was born in January 18, 1891, in Freeport, Illinois[3] and later attended Smith College in Massachusetts. In 1912 she married Frank Clyde Harris.[4] Her husband was an architect and engineer who served in World War I and was chief engineer with the Loudon Machinery Company in Iowa and one of the organizers of the American Monorail Company of Cleveland, Ohio.[5]

Harris gave birth to three sons (Clyde Winger, born 1915; Donald Stover, born 1916; and Lynn Thackrey, born 1918).[6] She died in Pasadena, California in 1968.

Harris wrote her most acclaimed works during the 1920s. In 1930, she stopped writing to raise and educate her children.[7]

[edit] Writing career

Harris published her first short story, "The Runaway World," in the July 1926 issue of Weird Tales.[8] In December of that year, she submitted a story for a contest being run by Amazing Stories editor Hugo Gernsback. Harris's story, "The Fate of the Poseidonia" (a space opera about Martians who steal earth's water[9]), placed third. Harris soon became one of Gernback's most popular writers.

Harris eventually published eleven short stories in pulp magazines, most of them in Amazing Stories (although she also published in other places such as Science Wonder Quarterly).

In 1947 Harris's short stories were collected under the title Away from the Here and Now. Her stories have also been reprinted in anthologies such as Daughters of Earth: Feminist Science Fiction in the 20th Century (with a critical essay), Sci-Fi Womanthology, Amazing Science Fiction Anthology: The Wonder Years 1926-1935, and Gosh Wow! Sense of Wonder Science Fiction. She wrote one novel, Persephone of Eleusis: A Romance of Ancient Greece (1923).

Harris also wrote one of the first attempts to classify science fiction when, in the August 1931 issue of Wonder Stories, she listed 16 basic science fiction themes, including, "Interplanetary space travel," "Adventures on other worlds," and "The creation of synthetic life."[10]

[edit] Critical view and influence

When Gernback published Harris's first short story in Amazing Stories, he praised her writing while also expressing amazement that a woman could write good scientification (as science fiction was then called), saying "That the third prize winner should prove to be a woman was one of the surprises of the contest, for, as a rule, women do not make good scientification writers, because their education and general tendencies on scientific matters are usually limited. But the exception, as usual, proves the rule, the exception in this case being extraordinarily impressive."[11]

For many years Harris claimed to have been the first woman science-fiction writer in the United States.[12] While this can be debated (since Gertrude Barrows Bennett, writing under the pseudonym Francis Stevens, published science fiction stories as early as 1917), Harris is recognized as the first woman to publish stories in science fiction magazines under her own name.[13]

Even though Harris published only a handful of stories, almost all of them have been reprinted over the years. Of these, "The Miracle of the Lily" has been reprinted the most and praised by many critics, with Richard Lupoff saying the story would have "won the Hugo Award for best short story, if the award had existed then."[14]

"The Fate of the Poseidonia" has also been reprinted a number of times and is credited as an early example of a science fiction story with a heroic female lead character.[15] Other of Harris's stories are also noted for featuring strong female characters, such as Sylvia, the airplane pilot and mechanic in "The Ape Cycle" (1930).[16] Harris also wrote one story untilizing a female point of view (in 1928's "The Fifth Dimension").

Because Harris was the first woman published in science fiction magazines, and because of her embrace of female characters and themes, she has been recognized in recent years as a pioneer of women's and feminist science fiction.[17]

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] Novels

  • Persephone of Eleusis: A Romance of Ancient Greece (1923)

[edit] Collections

  • Away from the Here and Now: Stories in Pseudo-Science (Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1947)

[edit] Short stories

  • "A Runaway World" (Weird Tales, July 1926)
  • "The Fate of the Poseidonia" (Amazing Stories, June 1927)
  • "A Certain Soldier" (Weird Tales, November 1927)
  • "The Fifth Dimension" (Amazing Stories, December 1928)
  • "The Menace From Mars" (Amazing Stories, October 1928)
  • "The Miracle of the Lily" (Amazing Stories, April 1928)
  • "The Artificial Man" (Science Wonder Quarterly, Fall 1929)
  • "A Baby on Neptune" with Miles J. Breuer, M.D. (Amazing Stories, December 1929)
  • "The Diabolical Drug" (Amazing Stories, May 1929)
  • "The Evolutionary Monstrosity" (Amazing Stories Quarterly, Winter 1929)
  • "The Ape Cycle" (Science Wonder Quarterly, Spring 1930)

[edit] Essays

  • Letter (Air Wonder Stories, September 1929)
  • Letter (Wonder Stories, August 1931)

[edit] Links

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Teaching Science Fiction by Women" by Jane Donawerth, The English Journal, Vol. 79, No. 3 (Mar., 1990), pp. 39; and Women Writers in the United States: A Timeline of Literary, Cultural, and Social History by Cynthia J. Davis, Kathryn West, Oxford University Press, 1996, page 229.
  2. ^ The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, edited by John Chute and Peter Nicholls, St. Martin's Press, 1993, page 544.
  3. ^ Social Security Death Record for Clare Winger Harris, SS# 550-34-7527, accessed April 2, 2007.
  4. ^ Translation of Clare Winger Harris entry on Feministische phantastisch-utopische Literature, accessed April 2, 2007.
  5. ^ James Harris-Mary Cherry Family, PART 3, POSTERITY CHAPTER VI, Isaiah M. Harris-Wilkerson-Murrell Descendants, accessed April 2, 2007.
  6. ^ Translation of Clare Winger Harris entry on Feministische phantastisch-utopische Literature, accessed April 2, 2007; and James Harris-Mary Cherry Family, PART 3, POSTERITY CHAPTER VI, Isaiah M. Harris-Wilkerson-Murrell Descendants, accessed April 2, 2007.
  7. ^ Curiosities by Richard A. Lupoff, Fantasy and Science Fiction Magazine, 1998, accessed March 30, 2007; also Women Writers in the United States: A Timeline of Literary, Cultural, and Social History by Cynthia J. Davis, Kathryn West, Oxford University Press, 1996, page 229.
  8. ^ FANTASY & SCIENCE FICTION: STORIES (by date) SF Site, accessed March 30, 2007.
  9. ^ "Teaching Science Fiction by Women" by Jane Donawerth, The English Journal, Vol. 79, No. 3 (Mar., 1990), pp. 39.
  10. ^ Letter/essay from Clare Winger Harris, Wonder Stories, August 1931. An excerpt of this letter is reprinted on Google Groups here, accessed March 30, 2007.
  11. ^ Introduction to Clare Winger Harris's "The Fate of the Poiseidonia," Daughters of Earth: Feminist Science Fiction in the Twentieth Century, edited by Justine Larbalestier, Wesleyan University Press, 2006, page 1.
  12. ^ Curiosities by Richard A. Lupoff, Fantasy and Science Fiction Magazine, July 1998.
  13. ^ Curiosities by Richard A. Lupoff, Fantasy and Science Fiction Magazine, 1998, accessed March 30, 2007; and The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, edited by John Chute and Peter Nicholls, St. Martin's Press, 1993, page 544.
  14. ^ Science Fiction Timelines, 1920-30, Magic Dragon Multimedia, accessed March 30, 2007.
  15. ^ "Illicit Reproduction: Clare Winger Harris's 'The Fate of the Poiseidonia'" by Jane Donawerth, from Daughters of Earth: Feminist Science Fiction in the Twentieth Century, edited by Justine Larbalestier, Wesleyan University Press, 2006.
  16. ^ The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, edited by John Chute and Peter Nicholls, St. Martin's Press, 1993, page 544.
  17. ^ Introduction to Clare Winger Harris's "The Fate of the Poiseidonia," Daughters of Earth: Feminist Science Fiction in the Twentieth Century, edited by Justine Larbalestier, Wesleyan University Press, 2006.

[edit] See also