Clan Kincaid

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Clan Kincaid is a member of the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs as a Lowland Scottish clan.

Contents

[edit] History

The Kincaid surname is of territorial origin being taken from the former lands of Kincaid in the Parish of Campsie, Stirlingshire, Scotland. The lands are located just north of Kirkintilloch, in the north-west angle formed by the River Kelvin and its tributary the Glazert.

It had been thought that the placename is Gaelic in origin with suggested meanings of ceann càidhe, meaning "at the head of the quagmire", ceann cadha, meaning "at the head of the pass," and ceann cath meaning "head of the battle." However, it is now believed that the placename is P Celtic in origin. It may have originally been Neo-Brittonic Pen ced. In 1238/9, it appeared in Latin charters in 1238/9 as Kyncaith and soon thereafter took on its current form.[1]

The origins of the family is obscure. Kincaids were in Scotland at the time of the Wars of Scottish Independence. In a 1646 birth brieve in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, it is recorded that the head of the Kincaid family, in the time of King Edward I of England, was made Constable of Edinburgh Castle for his valiant service in recovering of the Castle of Edinburgh from the English and his posterity carry the castle in their coat of arms in memory of this deed.[1]

The earliest mention of a Kincaid is Robert of Kincade who served on an inquest held at Stirling on 2 October 1425 which found Sir John of Halden, knight, heir to the deceased Sir Bernard of Halden, knight, his father, in the 10 merk lands of Kepdowry and Ardas in the sheriffdom of Stirling and earldom of Lennox.[2] He is perhaps the Robert of Kincaide who was noted as squire to the powerful Patrick Lyon, Lord Glamis in a charter dated April 12, 1447.[3]

[edit] 15th century

The family quickly obtained favourable positions about the royal family. John of Kyncade's wife, Jonet, received payments for nursing the Earl of March, the 2nd son of King James II, in 1456 and 1457. This John of Kyncade was likely the John of Kyncade who was keeper of Linlithgow Palace in 1461 and the John of Kincade who was receiver of Crown fermes near Linlithgowshire from June 22, 1464 to July 3, 1466.[4] Patrick Kincaid of that Ilk was a favoured squire to King James IV.[5]

The family estates grew in the 15th and 16th century. The Kincaids gained the estates of Craiglockhart, Coates and Warriston about Edinburgh; the lands of Inchbreck, Inchbelly and Auchenreoch near their ancestral lands; and lands about Falkirk and Linlithgow.

[edit] 16th century

Thomas Kincaid of Coates was Constable of Edinburgh Castle from at least 1508 to March 1, 1512/1548 and was Master of Works for King James IV at least in 1511.[6] He oversaw preparations made at Edinburgh Castle for the invasion of England in 1513, including the casting of some of the great cannons used in the Battle of Flodden Field, and obtaining metal for the building of The Michael, the largest and most powerful ship of its day.[7] His son Thomas Kincaid of that Ilk, was a Deputy-Constable in Parliament on 11 December 1534, and a special sheriff of Dumbarton on 25 September 1549.[8] Edward Kincaid was Sheriff-Depute of Edinburgh in 1521, at the time of the battle there referred to as the "Cleansing of the Causeway," and likely the Edward Kincaid who was a Sheriff of Peebles shortly thereafter.[9]

No less than seven Kincaids accompanied King James V of Scotland to France on September 1, 1536 for the King's marriage to King Francis I's daughter Madeleine de Valois. Thomas Kincaid, Edward Kincaid, David Kincaid, James Kincaid, Robert Kincaid, Thomas Kincaid, and John Kincaid were all listed as being in Lord Fleming's entourage for this great occasion.[10] Patrick Kincaid of Leith, was Master Brewer to King James V in the 1530s and 1540s.[11] David Kincaid of Coates was Constable of Edinburgh Castle from as early as 1541.[12]

A number of the Kincaids adhered to the royal family and got caught up in the intrigues surrounding Queen Mary I of Scotland. John Kincaid of Warriston was a relative and intended protégé of Bishop Bothwell while Alexander Kincaid, originally a servant to Adam Bothwell, was one of the Queen's half-brother's, Robert Stewart's, closest servants.[13] William Kincaid was one of the Queen's most trusted couriers and was sent to France with her letters and directions of the Queen's party.[14] Edward Kincaid, maltman, was significant supplier of William Kirkcaldy of Grange's forces in the defense of Edinburgh Castle against the forces of Regent Morton in 1573.[15]

[edit] 17th century

John Kincaid of Warriston was murdered by his wife's lover, Robert Weir, on July 1, 1600. Convicted for instigating the murder his wife, Lady Jean Livingstoun of Dunipace, was quickly beheaded on the "Maiden" but the infamy of the murder was to live on in Scottish ballads.[16] Thomas Kincaid was appointed a surgeon in Alexander Leslie's Covenanter army invading England to support the Parliamentarians and he was given command of a brigade of two regiments prior to the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644.[17] Thomas Kincaid of Warriston suffered heavily during the civil war as subsequent invading English armies, particularly by invasions in 1650 and 1651, inflicted damages to his estates of Warriston, Heuch and Overgoger amounting to 37,000 merks Scots.[18] It was at this time that some Kincaids immigrated to Ireland in support of the Royalists cause. Captain Alexander Kinked, Captain Robert Kinkead, Claud Kinkead and Alexander Kinkead were among the '49 officers who received grants in Ireland upon King Charles' return to power.[19] During the witch craft paranoia of the 17th century, John Kincaid of Tranent emerged in Scotland as a "pricker of witches" but was ultimately briefly imprisoned by the State for his excesses.[20]

[edit] 18th century to today

James Kincaid of Dalgreen was a person of note accused of being active in supporting Bonnie Prince Charlie during the Scottish rebellion of 1745.[21] Following Bonnie Prince Charlie's defeat, one Dr. Kincade emerged as a notable Jacobite of concern to the government.[22] Following the Scottish rebellions, a number of Kincaids migrated to the United States leaving numerous posterity there today.

Sir John Kincaid gained international recognition for his personal accounts of battles fought during the Napoleon War and in particular for his vivid recollections of the historic Battle of Waterloo; published as Adventures in the Rifle Brigade and Random Shots from a Rifleman. As acting adjutant at Waterloo, his battalion stood almost in the centre of Wellington's line and was engaged in the most intensive fighting of the battle.[23]

John Henry Kinkead, of Somerville, Pennsylvania was the third Governor of the State of Nevada, USA and the first Governor of the then District of Alaska, USA.[24]

The 20th century saw several Kincaids develop significant inventions. John W. Kincaid is credited with being the inventor of the first automatic locomotive stoker at Hinton, West Virginia, USA.[25] Geoffrey R. Kinkead, of Providence, Rhode Island, USA, is credited with developing the percussion cap used in detonating hand grenades in World War I.[26] Captain Earl H. Kincaid, of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginai, USA, was credited with inventing the Navy Static recording machine, a forerunner of radar.[27]

Flight-Lieutenant Samuel Marcus Kinkead, D.S.O., D.S.C., D.F.C., was a World War I ace and high-speed aircraft pioneer. He died on March 12, 1928, attempting to break the air speed record of 297 miles per hour in a Supermarine Napier S5 airplane at Calshot Aerodrome, Great Britain and was greatly mourned by the nation.[28]

Thomas Harold "Doc" Kinkade, of Wyckoff, New Jersey, gained international attention for his role in the first transatlantic flights as service engineer for the Wright Aeronautical Corporation. He was most noted for preparing the Wright Whirlwind motors used in Charles Lindbergh's "Spirit of St. Louis" and Commander Richard E. Byrd's "America."[29]

Admiral Thomas Cassin Kinkaid led the United States Seventh Fleet through the major sea and island battles of World War II. His most notable achievement was at the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid defeated a large Japanese fleet at the Surigao Strait, using only a makeshift fleet of PT boats, converted freighters, destroyers and carrier escort ships.[30]

Today the surname is a household name, thanks to the success of Thomas Kinkade, Painter of Light. His vivid scenes are cherished by the masses making his art the most sought after since Norman Rockwell.

[edit] The modern Clan Chiefs

It was only in 1958 that Clan Kincaid emerged again with a Chief. It was then that Alwyne Cecil Peareth Kincaid-Lennox succeeded to the chiefly coat of arms of his great great grandfather, John Kincaid of Kincaid, who had matriculated his Arms and Supporters on July 29, 1808.[31] This John Kincaid of Kincaid married secondly Cecilia Lennox of Woodhead and their son, John Lennox Kincaid, became the legal representative of both the Kincaid and Lennox families upon the death of John Kincaid of Kincaid on February 7, 1832. John Lennox Kincaid Lennox had his coat of arms, the impaled arms of Lennox and Kincaid, matriculated on June 12, 1833.[32] The Lennox and Kincaid chiefships remained intertwined until 1958 when William Mandeville Peareth Kincaid-Lennox was informed by the Lord Lyon that he could not be the Chief of two clans. As a result, his younger brother, Alwyne Cecil Peareth Kincaid-Lennox, became Chief of Clan Kincaid. He took on the name Alwyne Cecil Kincaid of Kincaid when he was recognized as Clan Chief by the Lord Lyon King of Arms on July 1, 1959.[33]

Alwyne Cecil Kincaid of Kincaid died on 3 September 1983, and was succeeded by his niece, Heather Veronica Peareth Kincaid Lennox who then became Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid. She matriculated her coat of arms on 16 August 1988.[34] Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid was born in Glasgow, Scotland on March 10, 1918 and was the only child of William Mandeville Peareth Kincaid-Lennox and Eva St. Clair Donald. She was twice married; first to Lieutenant-Commander Denis Arthur Hawker Hornell and secondly to William Henry Allen (Hal) Edghill. Her only child, Denis Peareth Hornell, succeeded to the chiefship of Clan Lennox and became Denis Peareth Hornell Lennox of that Ilk. Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid died on August 2, 1999 in Shropshire, England.

Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid was succeeded by her grand daughter, Arabella Jane Hornell Lennox. She matriculated her coat of arms on January 26, 2001 and assumed the name Arabella Jane Kincaid of Kincaid.[35] She is married to Giles Vivian Inglis-Jones and they have four children. The Chief is represented by the Clan Kincaid Society based in the United States. This group charges both annual and life membership fees, with the purpose to "promote and foster our Scottish Heritage through our Scottish Clan".[36][37]

[edit] Kincaid House & Lennox Castle

Kincaid House is located on the old Kincaid lands in what is now Milton of Campsie, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It was the ancestral home of the Kincaids of that Ilk, with the oldest part of the house dating back to 1690. The current style of the house was designed by architect David Hamilton for John Kincaid of that Ilk in 1812. His son and heir, John Lennox Kincaid Lennox, had Hamilton design and build Lennox Castle on the ancient Lennox of Woodhead estate in the Parish of Campsie; about a mile and half west of Lennoxtown, between 1837 and 1841. The family moved there and Kincaid House was sold in 1921. It was eventually converted into a hotel and remains in use as such today. Lennox Castle was sold in 1927 and is now in a state of disrepair.

Kincaid House and Lennox Castle are popular destinations for vacationing members of the Clan Kincaid. During one group tour organized by Clan Kincaid, a commemorative tree was planted outside the Kincaid House Hotel.

[edit] Tartan

Kincaid (22 Black, (pivot) 34 Green, 6 Red (centre), 34 Green etc.)[2]

[edit] Variations in spelling

Spelling variations include:

Kincade, Kincaide, Kinkaid, Kinkead, Kinkade, Kingcade, Kyncade, and Kinket.

[edit] Clan Kincaid DNA Project

On 4 June 2001, the Kincaid Surname DNA project was started as a means of learning more about the origins of Clan Kincaid and its various lines existing today. This is done mainly using male Y chromosome STR testing. This was the 22nd surname project with Family Tree DNA and the project has consistently ranked high in terms of number of participants.

As of December 22, 2007, the project has results returned for 116 participants. Like most surname DNA projects, there has emerged more than one group of genetically related individuals. So far, the individuals have been assigned into seven groups labelled A to G. However, the bulk of participants fall within Group A; accounting for 68 individuals or over 58% of the participants. Group C is the next largest group with 19 participants. Group B and D each account for 4 related individuals while Groups E, F, and G account for 2 participants each. There are 15 particpants that returned results that are not closely related to any of individuals in Groups A to G nor to each other.

The results to date suggest that the patriarch of Clan Kincaid was the ancestor of Group A participants. Y chromosome SNP testing shows that Group A participants are part of Haplogroup R1b which is dominant in western Europe. Furthermore, further testing shows that Group A participants belong to the subclade R1b1c9 (S21) subclade which is most common in the Netherland, Denmark, north Germany and southwest England.

While Y chromosome DNA testing has been a great tool for sorting various lines of Kincaid, it has not shed any further light on the origins of Clan Kincaid. There are many scenarios of when and how the Clan Kincaid patriarch entered the Strathclyde area of Scotland.

[edit] Kincaid-L mailing list

The KINCAID-L list is a popular mailing list of persons actively researching their Kincaid (& spelling variants) ancestors. Members share information and assist other Kincaid descendants in locating their Kincaid ancestors. KINCAID-L is available through the support of Rootsweb.


[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland A.D. 1634-1651. Ed. John Maitland Thomson. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1897. 644-646.
  2. ^ National Archives of Scotland. Haldane of Gleneagles Papers. GD198/9.
  3. ^ Glasgow City Archives. Lennox of Woodhead Papers. T-LX 1/12/1.
  4. ^ Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum: The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. Ed. George Burnett. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1883. VI. (A.D. 1455-1460): 232-234, 286 & 321-322; VII. (A.D. 1460-1469): 47-49, 319-321 & 402-405.
  5. ^ Historical Manuscripts Commission. Report on Manuscripts in Various Collections, Vol. 5: The Manuscripts of Col. Mordaunt-Hay, of Duns Castle; Sir Archibald Edmonstone, of Duntreath; Sir John James Graham, of Fintry, K.C.M.G., etc. Hereford: Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office by Anthony Brothers Limited, 1909. Series 55: 84-85.
  6. ^ "Protocol Book of James Young 1485-1515." Ed. Henry M. Paton and Gordon Donaldson. Edinburgh: Printed for the Society by J. Skinner & Company, Ltd., 1941-52. The Scottish Record Society. 74 (December 1940): 398-399 & Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum: Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Ed. Sir James Balfour Paul. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1901. Vol. IV (A.D. 1507-1513):445-446.
  7. ^ Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum: Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Ed. Sir James Balfour Paul. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1901. Vol. IV (A.D. 1507-1513): 278-279; 276-277; 278-279; 399; 445-446; & Appendix IV, 531.
  8. ^ "Acta Parliamentorum Jacobi V." The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland. Vol. 3 (1567-1592): 338. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum: The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. Ed. George Powell McNeill. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1898. XVIII. (A.D. 1543-1556): Appendix, 480.
  9. ^ Laing, Henry. Supplemental Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Scottish Seals: royal, baronial, ecclesiastical, and municipal: embracing the period from A.D. 1150 to the eighteenth century: taken from original charters and other deeds preserved in public and private archives. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1866. 97. "Calendar of Writs preserved at Yester House 1166-1625." Ed. Charles C. H. Harvey and John MacLeod. Edinburgh: Printed for the Society by J. Skinner & Company, Ltd., 1930. Scottish Record Society. 127-129.
  10. ^ Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland. Ed. David Hay Fleming. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1921. Vol. 2 (A.D. 1529-1542): 326-327.
  11. ^ Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum: The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. Ed. George Powell McNeill. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1897. XVI. (A.D. 1529-1536): 468. Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum: Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Ed. Sir James Balfour Paul. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1908. Vol. VIII (A.D. 1541-1546): 441.
  12. ^ Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland. Ed. David Hay Fleming. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1921. Vol. 2 (A.D. 1529-1542): 616.
  13. ^ Anderson, Peter D. Robert Stewart: Earl of Orkney, Lord of Shetland 1533-1593. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd, 1982. 37-38, 137, 178-179.
  14. ^ Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603. Ed. William K. Boyd. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1910. Vol VI (A.D. 1581-1583): 175-177 & Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603. Ed. Joseph Bain. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1900. Vol II (A.D. 1563-1569): 642-644.
  15. ^ Lynch, Michael. Edinburgh and the Reformation. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd, 1981. 337.
  16. ^ Nimmo, William. The History of Stirlingshire. 3rd edition. Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison, 1880. Vol. 2: 287-288.
  17. ^ "Acta Parliamentorum CAROLI I." The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland. Vol. 6 (1643-1651): 74.
  18. ^ "Acta Parliamentorum CAROLI II." The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland. Vol. 7 (1661-1669): 479-480.
  19. ^ O'Hart, John. The Irish and Anglo-Irish Landed Gentry, when Cromwell came to Ireland; or A supplement to Irish Pedigrees. Dublin: George Healy Steam Printer, 1884.
  20. ^ The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland. Ed. P. Hume Brown. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1908. Third Series, Vol. I (A.D. 1661-1664): 132, 187, 210, 226-227.
  21. ^ A list of persons concerned in the rebellion, transmitted to the commissioners of excise by the several supervisiors in Scotland, in obedience to a general letter of the 7th May 1746, and a supplementary list with evidences to prove the same. With a preface by the Earl of Rosebery, and annotations by Walter Macleod. Edinburgh, 1890. Scottish Record Society. First series, VIII: 56.
  22. ^ National Archives of the United Kingdom, SP 78/241, SP 78/242.
  23. ^ "Military and Naval Intelligence." The Times. 25 April 1862: 12, col. 2.
  24. ^ The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as illustrated in the lives of the founders, builders, and defenders of the Republic, and of the men and women who are doing the work and moulding the thought of the present time. New York: James T. White & Company, 1909 . 11: 201.
  25. ^ "John W. Kincaid." The New York Times. 1 August 1936: 13, col. 3.
  26. ^ "Geoffrey R. Kinkead." The New York Times. 22 November 1952. 3, col. 3.
  27. ^ "Earl H. Kincaid, Naval Officer, 67. Leader at Northern Solomon Islands During War Dies." The New York Times. 15 December 1961. 37, col. 5.
  28. ^ "Airman's Career: Many Decorations for Gallantry." The Times. 13 March 1928: 16, col. 2.
  29. ^ "Lindbergh's Plane Called An 'Ace' Too." The New York Times. 16 June1927: 3, col. 6. & "Goes to Fix Engines for Byrd's Return." The New York Times. 30 June 1927: 3, col. 5.
  30. ^ "Adm. Thomas C. Kinkaid Dies; Headed Guadalcanal Campaign: Commanded American Forces in Battle of the Coral Sea and the Philippines." The New York Times. 19 November 19, 1972: 80.
  31. ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 2: page 23
  32. ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 3: page 94.
  33. ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 43: page 86.
  34. ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 67: page 115.
  35. ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 82: page 85.
  36. ^ About Clan Kincaid Retrieved on 2007-12-19
  37. ^ Membership Retrieved on 2007-12-19

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