Civil Code of Russia

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The Russian Civil Code is the prime source of civil law for the Russian Federation.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation came into force in four parts. The first part, which deals with general provisions (i.e. defines sources, names legal entity, etc.) was enacted by the State Duma in 1994 and entered into force in 1995. The second part (dealing with Law of obligations) entered into force in 1996. The third part (Succession law) entered into force in 2002. The document has certain basic principles: equality of all participants guaranteed by civil law; inviolability of private property, freedom of contract, free exercise of civil rights, and juridical protection of civil rights.

The fourth part, dealing with intellectual property, was signed into law on December 18, 2006 and came into force on January 1, 2008.

Contents

[edit] The structure of the Civil Code

Unlike most European civil codes, the Russia's Civil Code does not cover family law. Instead, family law is dealt with in a separate code.

[edit] History

In July 1994, President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree authorizing the "Establishment and Development of Private Law in Russia" program.[1] The program called for a group of legal researchers, led by Sergei Alekseev, to create a new civil code for the nation. Initially, Russian politicians on all sides of the political spectrum opposed the idea of a Civil Code.[2] It took significant effort to get first part of the Code approved by the State Duma — while the Federation Council voted against the the Code. However, the Federation Council took longer than allowed by the Constitution to come to its decision. This allowed Yeltsin to sign the Code into law. In other words, as Sergei Alekseev put it, the Civil Code became law almost "by accident".[2]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ (Russian) Указ Президента РФ от 7 июля 1994 г. N 1473 «О программе «Становление и развитие частного права в России», <http://www.jurbase.ru/texts/sector162/tez62700.htm> 
  2. ^ a b (Russian) Fan, Irina (June 2003), “Через испытания — к истине Права”, Nauka Urala 13 (841), <http://www.uran.ru/gazetanu/2003/06/nu13/wvmnu_p4_13_062003.htm> 

[edit] External links