City of Ten Thousand Buddhas
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The City Of Ten Thousand Buddhas (萬佛聖城, Wànfó Shèngchéng) is an international Buddhist community and monastery founded by the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua, an important figure in Western Buddhism. It is one of the first Chinese Zen Buddhist temples in the United States, and one of the largest Buddhist communities in the Western Hemisphere.
The city is situated in Talmage, Mendocino County, California about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Ukiah, and 110 miles (180 km) north of San Francisco. It was one of the first Buddhist monasteries built in the United States. The temple follows the Wei-Yang Ch’an (Chinese Zen) school of Buddhism. The city is noted for their close adherence to the vinaya, the austere traditional Buddhist monastic code.
The current abbot is Reverend Heng Lyu.
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[edit] History
The Dharma Realm Buddhist Association purchased the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas site in 1976, originally the site of Mendocino State Hospital founded in 1889, and had established an international center there by 1976. The city comprises 488 acres (2 km²) of land.
All the buildings and facilities were first class. There were over seventy large buildings, over two thousand rooms of various sizes, three gymnasiums, a fire station, a swimming pool, a refuse incinerator, fire hydrants, and various other facilities. A paved road wound its way through the complex, lined with tall street lamps and trees over a hundred years old. The connections for electricity and pipes for water, heating, and air conditioning were all underground. Both the architectural design and the materials used for the buildings were state of the art. The heating and air conditioning were centrally controlled.
Considering the location to be an ideal site for cultivation created by Nature, the Venerable Master personally visited the valley three times and negotiated with the seller many times. The Venerable Master wanted to establish a center for propagating the Buddhadharma throughout the world and for introducing the Buddhist teachings, which originated in the East, to the Western world. He planned to create a fountainhead of world Buddhism and an international monastery of orthodox Dharma for the purpose of elevating moral standards and raising people's awareness
About 80 acres (0.3 km²) of land is presently being used and has buildings. The rest of the land includes meadows, orchards, and forests. Large institutional buildings and smaller residential houses are scattered over the west side of the property. The main Buddha hall and monastic facilities, the educational institutes, the administrative offices, the main kitchen and dining hall, the vegetarian canteen, and supporting structures are all located in this complex.
[edit] Sites of interest
- The Jeweled Hall of 10,000 Buddhas: Finished in 1982, the hall is adorned with streamers, banners, lamps and is graced in the center by the presence of an 20-foot (6 m) statue of a thousand-handed Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva, popularly known as Guan Yin in Chinese and Chenrezig in Tibetan. Rows of yellow bowing cushions are lined upon the red carpet. Walls are adorned with 10,000 images of the Buddha, molded by Master Hsuan Hua himself.
- Hall of No Words: This is where Master Hsuan Hua often held classes for his disciples in the early years of the city. The abbot's quarters, where the Master dwelled, were on the second floor. This was also where Master Hsuan Hua laid in state during the 49-day mourning period. Now, it is a memorial hall that contains relics of the Buddha, Master Hsu Yun, and Master Hsuan Hua. It is closed off to the public and opened on special days.
- Dharma Realm Buddhist University: In order to raise the level of education among Sangha members and train people to propagate Buddhism, Master Hsuan Hua founded the Dharma Realm Buddhist University in 1976. The university aims to educate students to become wise and virtuous leaders in the world. Instead of merely transmitting academic knowledge, it emphasizes a foundation in virtue, which expands into the study of how to help all living beings discover their inherent nature. The university is working for accreditation in the near future, though no specific timetable has yet been announced.
- Chun Kang Vegetarian Restaurant: The university canteen, which serves only vegan food. The goal is to serve healthful nutritious food full of the good karma of non-harming.
- Tathagata (Rulai) Monastery: The dorm rooms for monks (left home persons) and male lay persons persuaded toward the monastic lifestyle.
- Great Compassion Courtyard: Dorm rooms for guests and visitors.
- Bell and Drum House: Houses the instruments that are played daily to ready monastics for daily practice.
- Institute for the Translation of Buddhist Texts: This facility was active in the early years at the city as a center for translation and as a residence hall for nuns and laywomen. The Institute has since moved to Burlingame, California.
- Tower of Blessings: Master Hsuan Hua allocated the Tower of Blessings as a home for the elderly monastics residing in the city.
- Wonderful Words Hall: Site for daily gatherings to listen to the Master Hsuan Hua's taped lectures in the 10,000 Buddhas Hall.
- Five Contemplations Dining Hall: Completed in 1982, it is where the monastics and resident lay community follow the formal monastic style in taking their lunch meal. Only pure vegetarian food is served here, and the hall can seat over 3,000 people.
- Instilling Goodness Elementary and Developing Virtue Secondary Schools: The elementary and secondary schools were founded by the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua in 1976. The schools are divided into two divisions, Boys and Girls, and teach such classes as meditation, yoga, Buddhism, and World Religions. Many foreign and non-local students also reside on campus in school dorms for the duration of the school year (excepting Winter, Spring, and Summer vacations). As of Spring 2006, there were about 130 students in both divisions.
[edit] Traditions held at the monastery
Two of the distinguishing features of the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas are that unlike many other Chinese Buddhist monasteries, the monastics always wear their kasaya sashes (long sashes that are worn outside the monastic clothing), and they eat only one meal a day and only before noon.
At night most of them sit up and rest, not lying down to sleep. Monastics at the city do not have any social lives, nor do men and women intermingle. Whereas many ordinary Chinese monks go out to perform rituals for events such as weddings or funerals, none of these monks do so. Some monastics even choose to maintain a vow of silence. They wear a sign saying "silence" and do not speak with anyone.
There are monks and nuns who maintain the precept of not owning personal wealth and not touching money, thus eliminating the thought of money and increasing their purity of mind. Hsuan Hua often reminded his disciples,
"In cultivation, we have to stick to our principles! We can't forget our principles. Our principles are our goal. Once we recognize our goal, forward we go! We've got to be brave and vigorous. We can't retreat. As long as we are vigorous and not lax in ordinary times, we could become enlightened any minute or any second. So by no means should we let ourselves be confused by thoughts, and miss the opportunity to get enlightened."
[edit] Atmosphere
The City of Ten Thousand Buddhas is a strict Buddhist monastery adhering to the traditional Asian monastic culture although it is located in a liberal area of California. The organic farm and peaceful way of life appeals to most Westerners who want an alternate lifestyle. This creates an interesting mix of different ideologies. While the traditionalist are more drawn to the spiritual and devotional side of Buddhism, Westerners are often more interested in meditation. Some of the boarding school children are Westerners from the local community who want their children to grow up in a community-oriented place, while some of the children come from Taiwan and China, even from European countries, such as France, Belgium, and Holland, where parents think highly of the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua. The liberalism of Westerners and the strict traditionalism of Easterners may clash at times.
Unique to the City, the monastery houses both male and female Sangha, students from the boarding school, and is open to the public. Many monasteries in China, Taiwan, and in the West house only monks or only nuns but not both, and are closed to the public. However, males and females have separate campuses, with gender-neutral buildings in the middle of the campus.
[edit] Rules
Master Hsuan Hua set up six principles for all monastics and lay practitioners to follow. These six principles were "to not fight, to not be greedy, to not seek, to not be selfish, to not pursue personal advantage, and to not lie". Wherever Master Hsuan Hua went to propagate the Dharma, he always told people to follow these six principles. Master Hsuan Hua also set up these other rules for monastics and practitioners to follow:
- No incense is ever offered personally by any of the lay practitioners and guests. Master Hsuan Hua believed that it was totally superstitious to insist on personally offering incense to the Buddhas, and that if many people offered incense, the Buddhas would not be able to handle the large amount of smoke. Master Hua also pointed out that quality incense is expensive and that poor incense can ruin the walls and statues. He also says that if one stick of incense is already burning in the censer, then the practitioner can simply just bow and pay respects.
- During recitation, all practitioners must keep their hands in front of their chest during circumbulations, with their right hand on top of their left. Their hands can then be in prayer position when circumbulations are over. No one is allowed to look at anyone during recitations.
- No one is allowed to eat before the monastics have begun eating.
- Flattery is prohibited. All are to refrain from praising people and never to deliberately slander anyone.
- No arrogance is allowed at the temple. A guest should feel that everyone else is better than him/her, and that he/she has much to learn from them. Guests are also only allowed to bow to the Buddha on one side, and not the center aisle, which is reserved for the abbot. However, the abbot's area is now usually reserved for the late Master Hsuan Hua, so it is usually empty or occupied by the master's portrait.
[edit] Wildlife
Many animals roam the grounds of the City, including peacocks, deer, squirrels, and many other different species. The peacocks are generally quite accustomed to the presence of people and are tame. Peacocks pose a large problem on the farm, so countermeasures have been taken against the peacocks, including covering the plants, moving the peacocks to a walnut farm, and planting extra food based on the assumption that a significant fraction will be eaten or damaged by peacocks. During special Dharma Assemblies, a Liberating of Life ceremony is held where many animals - especially pheasants and chukars - bought from hunting preserves are set free.
[edit] Daily schedule
[edit] Morning
- 4:00-5:00: Morning Recitation
- 5:00-6:00: Universal Bowing
- 6:00-7:00: Meditation / Self-study
- 6:15-6:45: Breakfast
- 7:00-8:00: Avatamsaka Sutra study
- 8:00-10:30: Classes, study or work
- 10:30-12:00: Meal Offering / Lunch
[edit] Afternoon
- 12:30-2:00: Great Compassion Repentance
- 2:00-5:00: Classes, study or work
- 5:00-6:30: Meditation / Self-study
- 5:15-5:45: Dinner (Laity)
[edit] Evening
- 6:30-7:30: Evening Recitation
- 7:30-9:40: Lecture/Closing recitation
- 10:30: Lights out
[edit] Largest Temple in the Western Hemisphere
Another temple known as Hsi Lai Temple, located in Hacienda Heights, a city in Southern California, has claimed since 1988 that they are the largest Buddhist temple in the western hemisphere. However, the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas has over 80 acres of built-up land on 488 acres (1.97 km²) of property as compared to Hsi Lai Temples' 15 acres, but rather than a temple complex as is Hsi Lai Temple, the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas is more of an entire community with several large buildings clustered together. Therefore, it is unclear which is the largest, as there is a significant difference between the structure and location of the two Buddhist organizations.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- The City of 10,000 Buddhas USA Official website
- Dharma Realm Buddhist Association
- City of Ten Thousand Buddhas
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