Citadel Miniatures
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Citadel Miniatures Limited produces metal and plastic miniatures for tabletop wargames such as Warhammer Fantasy Battle and Warhammer 40K. In the past Citadel Miniatures was a separate company but it has become a brand for Games Workshop miniatures. Although its models are used for the wargaming hobby, the painting of its miniatures (and miniatures in general) is a hobby in itself.[1]
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[edit] Early history
Citadel Miniatures was formed as part of the British game company Games Workshop in 1979.[2] Its formation was announced in White Dwarf issue 11 in early 1979:
Games Workshop and Bryan Ansell have got together to form Citadel Miniatures, a new miniatures company that will be manufacturing several ranges of figures. Ral Partha are already in production, but Citadel will also be producing own ranges, including the Fiend Factory figures, Fantasy Adventurers and Fantasy Specials. Citadel will not be limiting production to SF/F figures, but also new ranges of historical wargaming figures
The following issue of White Dwarf contained the first advertisement for Citadel's forth coming figures.
[edit] Materials and Construction
Originally miniatures were produced using a white metal alloy including lead, although in 1987 Citadel began to produce plastic miniatures as well under the name "Psychostyrene" and "Drastik Plastik". These were made of a harder plastic than other plastic miniatures at time and allowed for greater detailed sculpting.[citation needed] Citadel has continued to produce white metal miniatures as the economics of plastic make it only suitable for large runs.[3] Some models are a combination of both materials, with the arm-less bodies and heads metal and the arms, weapons and other accessories plastic.[4]
In 1997 Citadel switched to a lead free white metal because of concerns about lead poisoning particularly in children.[5]
Most of the models created by Citadel require some form of construction after purchase. With smaller models this usually involves attaching arms, weapons and the base. Larger models come in many pieces and require more construction.
[edit] Model ranges
From 1979 to 1984 Citadel had a reciprocal distribution and manufacturing deal with Ral Partha to bring each others products to Britain and North America respectively.[6]
Citadel has also produced and distributed miniatures under other names:
- Chronicle Miniatures was a competitor bought out by Citadel and they continued to operate under that name for a time.
- Iron Claw Miniatures were a range of miniatures designed, manufactured and distributed by Citadel in 1987 and 1988. Many of the designs were later incorporated into the main Citadel range.
- Marauder Miniatures was a separate company set up by two former Games Workshop/Citadel sculptors (Ally and Trish Morrison) in 1988 and promoted alongside Citadel Miniatures in White Dwarf. The miniatures were cast and distributed by Citadel, and the company was absorbed into Citadel in 1993.
Over the years, as well as producing their own original miniatures, they have produced licenced ranges based on characters from games, movies, TV and books. These included figures based on RuneQuest, Fighting Fantasy , Judge Dredd, Doctor Who, Paranoia, Eternal Champion, Dungeons and Dragons, Advanced Dungeons and Dragons, Traveller, Star Trek, Lone Wolf and The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit. Games Workshop re-won the Lord of the Rings licence, allowing them to make the The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game miniatures to tie-in with the trilogy of films released by New Line Cinema, and have extended the range to include characters based on the actual writings of J. R. R. Tolkien.
Citadel Miniatures sometimes release limited edition models of specific or unusual characters, such as Thrud the Barbarian,[7]Ian Livingstone[8], drunken Space Marines dressed in Christmas outfits [1] and several representing a white-bearded dwarf, the logo of White Dwarf magazine[2][3].
Along with the standard range of miniature soldiers, Citadel's lines include fantasy based war-machines, like catapults and chariots, and when Warhammer 40,000 came out, Citadel Miniatures also branched out into vehicles, such as the Land Raider and Rhino transports for Space Marines.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Citadel Miniatures Hall - A Museum of Citadel Miniatures.
- Citadel's page on the hobby site The Stuff Of Legends - features many scanned advertisements of Citadel Miniature's products from old White Dwarfs.
- A Site covering the fanaticism of miniatures and hobby games
- CCM wiki - A site maintained by members of the Yahoo! group for research of poorly and undocumented Citadel miniatures.
- Otherworld, The Citadel AD&D Miniatures Range
- Delcam PR on use of Delcam 3D modelling and machining tools for creation of Citadel Miniatures
[edit] Notes
- ^ McVey, Mike (1992). Citadel Miniatures Painting Guide. Nottingham: Games Workshop, 1. ISBN 1-872372-61-9.
- ^ Games Workshop Investor history page. Retrieved on 2006-08-28.
- ^ Masterson, Sean (January 1988). "From Sprue to You". White Dwarf (Issue 97): 6-7. Games Workshop. ISSN 0265-8712.
- ^ McVey, Mike (1992). Citadel Miniatures Paiting Guide. Nottingham: Games Workshop, 6. ISBN 1-872372-61-9.
- ^ Lead Advisory Service News Volume 1 No 1 (Feb 1997). Retrieved on 2006-08-28. reprinting New Lead Free Metal Miniatures from White Dwarf
- ^ Stuff of Legends - Ral Partha History. Retrieved on 2006-08-06.
- ^ Four versions of Thrud have been produced according to LE19 - Thrudd and Female Admirer. Stuff of Legends. Retrieved on 2007-03-15. Another example is LE104 - Thrudd (Scratching Head)
- ^ Priestley, Rick (et al) The Second Citadel Compediuam, p.45
[edit] References
- Barson, Michelle (Editor) (2004). The Undead Collectors Guide. Games Workshop. ISBN 1-84154-565-1.
- Blanche, John (1989). The Citadel Miniatures Paiting Guide. Games Workshop. ISBN 1-869893-74-3.
- (1999) Citadel Miniatures Annual 2000. Games Workshop. ISBN 1-84154-031-5.
- Stuff of Legends - A Brief History of Citadel Miniatures. Retrieved on 2006-08-06.
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