Chrysler LA engine
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The LA engine (Late A engine)[who?] was an evolution of the small-block Plymouth polyspheric-head A engine. LA engines are pushrod OHV designs and use a 90° V block. The combustion chambers are wedge-shaped, rather than the polyspherical combustion chambers in the Plymouth A engine or the hemispherical chambers in the Chrysler Hemi engine. All are cast iron, except for the Viper V10, which is aluminum. LA engines have the same 4.46-inch (113 mm) bore spacing as the A engines.
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[edit] Magnum engines
The LA family was updated and branded as the Magnum V6 and V8 in 1992. While the Magnum 3.9, Magnum 5.2, and Magnum 5.9 engines were significantly based on the 239, the 318, and the 360 — respectively — many of the parts will not directly interchange. Magnum cylinder heads use a different oiling system. The intake manifolds share dimensions but will not interchange without modifications. Chrysler's engineers redesigned the oil seals on the crankshaft to improve anti-leak seal performance. Although the pre-Magnum and Magnum versions of the 360/5.9 are both externally balanced, the two are balanced differently and each requires a uniquely balanced flywheel or torque converter. The valve covers on the magnum have 10 bolts rather than the previous 5, for improved oil sealing.
Chrysler offered a line of crate engines based on the Magnum designed to bolt into older muscle cars and street rods with little modification Some of the changes to facilitate this were using a 1970-93 water pump so that older pulleys and brackets could be used, as well as an intake manifold that uses a carburetor instead of fuel injection. With a high lift cam and single plane intake, the crate Magnum 360 was rated at 380 hp (280 kW) with the Magnum heads. Later versions[vague] with R/T or aluminum heads[vague] produced 390 hp (290 kW).
All but the Viper and Ram V10 were replaced by the new PowerTech V6 and V8 and Hemi V8 in 2002.
Production of the LA series was long handled by the Mound Road Engine factory in Detroit, Michigan. With most versions cancelled, that plant was closed in 2002.
[edit] 273 V8
The 273 (4.5 L) was the first LA engine, introduced in 1964 and offered through 1969. It had a 3.625 in (92 mm) bore and 3.31 in (84 mm) stroke. It had a mechanical solid lifter valvetrain until 1968 when hydraulic lifters were introduced. A special high-performance version of the 273 was created in 1966. It used a 0.500-inch (12.7 mm) lift solid-lifter camshaft, steel-tube title exhaust, and a Holley 4-barrel carburetor, producing 275 horsepower (1 hp/in³). It was available in the Dodge Dart only, and the car so equipped was called the "D-Dart". A 235 hp (175 kW) version with a less aggressive camshaft and without the tube titles was available on regular production Darts, Valiants, and Barracudas starting in 1965.
[edit] 318 V8
The LA 318 was a 318 in³ (5.2 L) relative of the A 318. Like the A 318, it has a larger bore at 3.91 in (99 mm) as well as a stroke of 3.31 in (84 mm). It appeared shortly after the 273, in 1967, and proved tremendously successful. A version of this engine was available until 2002 when its production ceased. It used hydraulic lifters and a two barrel carburetor for most of its production, though four-barrel Carter Thermoquad and Rochester Quadrajet carburetors were used in police applications starting in 1978. The 318 received roller lifters and a fast-burn cylinder head in 1985, and throttle-body electronic fuel injection for truck applications starting in 1988.
[edit] Magnum 5.2
The Magnum 5.2, released in 1992, was an evolutionary development of the 318 with the same displacement. The Magnum development included the multiport fuel injection, new cylinder heads with a closed combustion chamber, a new higher-flow valve angle, increased valve lift, and new intake and exhaust manifolds. Power was up to 230 hp (170 kW) and 300 lb·ft (410 N·m). Production of the Magnum 5.2 ended with the 2003 model year Dodge Ram Van. It was replaced by the new 4.7 L PowerTech V8.
[edit] 340 V8
As the Detroit power wars heated up in the mid-1960s, Chrysler decided to produce a small block V8 specifically designed for high performance applications. The goal was to have a lightweight, high output engine equally suited for the drag strip or an oval track[citation needed]. The result of this decision was the 340 in³ V8. Chrysler's engineers increased the 318's cylinder bores to 4.04-inch (103 mm) while keeping the 318's 3.31-inch (84 mm) stroke. Anticipating higher loads resulting from racing operation, the engineers fitted a forged steel crankshaft instead of the cast nodular iron unit used in the 318. A 4-Barrel carburetor was mated to a high-rise, dual plane intake manifold. This induction setup fed into a set of cylinder heads that are still considered[who?] one of the best of that era. The heads were high-flow items with big ports, and used 2.02-inch (51 mm) intake and 1.60-inch (41 mm) exhaust valves. An aggressive cam[vague] was fitted to take advantage of the much better breathing top end. 1968 4-Speed cars got an even hotter cam, but it was discontinued in 1969[citation needed]. The engine was equipped with hydraulic lifters[citation needed]. Power output was officially stated as 275 hp (205 kW) for the 4 barrel and 290 hp (216 kW) for the 6-pack version with triple 2-barrel carburetors. Using flat-top pistons, the 340's compression ratio was 10.5:1, placing it near the limit of what was possible on pump gas[citation needed]. The 340 also used heavy-duty parts such as a dual timing chain, windage tray and revised[vague] oil pump[citation needed].
In 1970, Chrysler offered a special version of the 340 for use in the Challenger TA and Cuda AAR. The "TA" engine featured a heavy duty short block featuring additional webbing in block to allow for 4 bolt main bearing caps, double roller timing chain and 10.5:1 compression. The heads featured larger ports compared to a standard 340 and offset rocker arms that allowed the pushrods to be moved away from the intake ports for improved airflow. They featured an aluminium intake manifold with three two barrel Holley carburettors and a dual points ignition system.
Like many other performance V8's of the day, for insurance reasons, the 340 engine's power output was officially understated[citation needed]. In reality, either the 4bbl or 6bbl configuration could produce at least 315 to 320 hp (235 to 239 kW)[citation needed]. The 340 developed a reputation for outperforming much larger and heavier engines, with the attendant handling benefits provided by the relatively light-weight 340. The engine was praised[who?] as a high-revving unit with good durability, making it popular with circle-track racers[citation needed].
Due to the combination of rising gas prices and insurance company crackdown on high-performance vehicles[citation needed], the 340 did not stay in production long. It was released in 1968, detuned with lower compression and smaller 1.88 inch intake valves in 1972[citation needed], and was withdrawn from production after the 1973 model year.
[edit] 360 V8
The LA 360 (5.9 L) has a 4.00 in bore and a 3.58 in stroke. It was released in 1971 with a two barrel carburetor. The 360 used the large intake port 340 heads with a smaller intake valve (1.88 inch). In 1973, a 4-barrel version was released. In 1974, the 360 became the most powerful LA engine with the end of 340 production. After 1981, the 360 was no longer used in cars, but only in the Dodge Ram trucks and vans. The 1978-1979 Lil' Red Express truck used a special high performance 360 4-barrel engine, with factory production code EH1{[fact}}. The EH1 was a modified version of the E58 360 police engine (E58) producing 225 hp (168 kW) net @ 3800 rpm[citation needed]. Some prototypes for the EH1 featured Mopar Performance W2 heads[citation needed], although the production units had the large-valve 360 heads. The 360 was replaced for 2004 with the 5.7 L Hemi.
[edit] Magnum 5.9
The Magnum 5.9 is an evolution of the 360. It got the Magnum V8 name with the same new manifolds, heads, and fuel injection as the 5.2 for 1993. Engine output that year was 230 hp (170 kW) and 325 lb·ft . The engine eventually produced 250 hp (190 kW) and 345 lb·ft on the version used in the Dakota RT. Starting in 2003, the 5.7 L Hemi V8 began replacing this engine.
[edit] 239 V6
The 239 V6 is a 239 in³ (3.9 L) V6 released in 1987 for use in the Dodge Dakota. It is essentially a six-cylinder version of — the 318 V8 Output was 125 hp (93 kW) and 195 lb·ft (264 N·m) torque until it was replaced by the Magnum 3.9 starting in 1992. In 1987 it used a two barrel Holley carb with hydraulic lifters. In 1988 it was upgraded to TBI and roller lifters which it retained until 92.
[edit] Magnum 3.9
The 3.9 L (238 in³) V6, like the 5.2 and 5.9 V8s, received the new Magnum cylinder heads, induction and engine management system as well as the Magnum name in 1992. Power increased substantially to 180 hp (134 kW)and from 195 lb·ft (264 N·m) to 220 lb·ft (298 N·m). In 1994 the exhaust manifolds for this engine were reduced in size to save money[citation needed]. This reduced the engine's output to 175 hp (130 kW), but it retained its torque rating which later[vague] grew to 225 lb·ft (305 N·m). This engine was last produced for the 2003 Dodge Dakota pickup. Starting in the 2004 model year it was entirely withdrawn from production and replaced with the 3.7 L PowerTech V6 engine.
[edit] 8.0 Viper V10
The Viper V10 is based on the rest of the LA family, and appeared with the Dodge Viper in 1992. It was conceived and prototyped as a Magnum 5.9 with two extra cylinders and a longer stroke of 3.88 in (99 mm).
Originally designed as a truck engine[citation needed], Lamborghini revamped Dodge's cast-iron block V10 for the Viper[citation needed] by recasting the block and heads in aluminium alloy. Some within Lamborghini[who?] felt that the pushrod two-valve design, while adequate for the truck application for which the engine was originally created, was unsuitable for a performance car. However, Chrysler was uncertain about the Viper's production costs and sales potential[who?] and so declined to provide the budget for the modification[citation needed].
The first-generation Viper V10 engine has a displacement of 8.0 L (488 in³) and produces 400 hp (298 kW) and 490 lb·ft (664 N·m). The second-generation engine, also displacing 8.0 L, produced 450 hp (336 kW) and 490 lb·ft (664 N·m). The third-generation engine, introduced on the 2003 Viper, has a piston displacement of 8.3 L (505 in³) and produces 510 hp (380 kW) and 535 lb·ft (725 N·m). On January 8, 2007 Dodge released information at the Detroit Auto Show[citation needed] that the 2008 Dodge Viper engine's output would increase to 600 hp (447 kW) and 560 lb·ft (759 N·m) via a slight displacement increase to 8.4 L (510 in³) and the use of variable valve timing.
Production of the V10 engine started at Mound Road Engine before moving to Conner Avenue Assembly, where the Viper itself is built, in May 2001. In addition, the Viper V10 was installed in the Dodge Ram SRT-10, earning the truck the Guinness World Record for fastest production truck (later bettered by an Australian production car; the Holden HSV Maloo that uses the LS2 Corvette engine). The Dodge Tomahawk motorcycles also uses this engine.
The V10 is also sold to British luxury car manufacturer Bristol Cars. The Bristol Fighter is powered by a front-mounted V10, modified to produce 525 hp (391 kW)[citation needed]. In the more powerful Fighter S the engine is tuned to give 628 hp (660 hp at high speed using the ram air effect)[citation needed]. Bristol has recently announced[who?] the Fighter T, in which the V10 is further modified to produce 1,012 hp (755 kW)[citation needed].
[edit] Magnum V10
Originally conceived in the 1980s[citation needed] as a truck engine for the larger Rams[citation needed], the Magnum V10 was re-engineered as the engine of the Dodge Viper[citation needed] in 1990 by Lamborghini[citation needed], then owned by Chrysler, and used in the Ram 2500 starting in the 1994 redesign of the Ram line. It provided far less power than the V10 in the Viper. Output was 300 hp (220 kW) and 400 lb·ft (540 N·m).
