Chromogranin A

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Chromogranin A (parathyroid secretory protein 1)
Identifiers
Symbol(s) CHGA; CGA
External IDs OMIM: 118910 MGI: 88394 HomoloGene: 976
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 1113 12652
Ensembl ENSG00000100604 ENSMUSG00000021194
Uniprot P10645 Q3UN28
Refseq NM_001275 (mRNA)
NP_001266 (protein)		 NM_007693 (mRNA)
NP_031719 (protein)
Location Chr 14: 92.46 - 92.47 Mb Chr 12: 102.96 - 102.97 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

Chromogranin A or parathyroid secretory protein 1 (gene name CHGA) is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin (granins) family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins, i.e. it is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. Examples of cells producing chromogranin A are chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, enterochromaffin-like cells and beta cells of the pancreas.

Chromogranin A is the precursor to several functional peptides including vasostatin, pancreastatin, catestatin and parastatin. These peptides negatively modulate the neuroendocrine function of the releasing cell (autocrine) or nearby cells (paracrine). Other peptides derived from chromogranin A with uncertain function include chromostatin, WE-14 and GE-25.

Chromogranin A might promote the generation of secretory granules. It is used as an indicator for pancreas and prostate cancer. It might play a role in early neoplasic progression. It is also elevated in diabetes. Chromogranin A is cleaved by an endogenous prohormone convertase to produce several peptide fragments. See chromogranin A GeneRIFs for references.

Contents

[edit] External links

  • chromogranin A antibody stains via Google Image [3]

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

  • Hendy GN, Bevan S, Mattei MG, Mouland AJ (1995). "Chromogranin A.". Clinical and investigative medicine. Médecine clinique et experimentale 18 (1): 47–65. PMID 7768066. 
  • Iacangelo AL, Eiden LE (1996). "Chromogranin A: current status as a precursor for bioactive peptides and a granulogenic/sorting factor in the regulated secretory pathway.". Regul. Pept. 58 (3): 65–88. PMID 8577930. 
  • Curry WJ, Barkatullah SC, Johansson AN, et al. (2002). "WE-14, a chromogranin a-derived neuropeptide.". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 971: 311–6. PMID 12438141. 
  • Curry WJ, Shaw C, Johnston CF, et al. (1992). "Isolation and primary structure of a novel chromogranin A-derived peptide, WE-14, from a human midgut carcinoid tumour.". FEBS Lett. 301 (3): 319–21. PMID 1577173. 
  • Tamamura H, Ohta M, Yoshizawa K, et al. (1990). "Isolation and characterization of a tumor-derived human protein related to chromogranin A and its in vitro conversion to human pancreastatin-48.". Eur. J. Biochem. 191 (1): 33–9. PMID 2165909. 
  • Konecki DS, Benedum UM, Gerdes HH, Huttner WB (1988). "The primary structure of human chromogranin A and pancreastatin.". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (35): 17026–30. PMID 2445752. 
  • Sekiya K, Ghatei MA, Minamino N, et al. (1988). "Isolation of human pancreastatin fragment containing the active sequence from a glucagonoma.". FEBS Lett. 228 (1): 153–6. PMID 2830133. 
  • Helman LJ, Ahn TG, Levine MA, et al. (1988). "Molecular cloning and primary structure of human chromogranin A (secretory protein I) cDNA.". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (23): 11559–63. PMID 3403545. 
  • Wilson BS, Phan SH, Lloyd RV (1986). "Chromogranin from normal human adrenal glands: purification by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography and partial N-terminal amino acid sequence.". Regul. Pept. 13 (3-4): 207–23. PMID 3704195. 
  • Deftos LJ, Murray SS, Burton DW, et al. (1986). "A cloned chromogranin A (CgA) cDNA detects a 2.3Kb mRNA in diverse neuroendocrine tissues.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 137 (1): 418–23. PMID 3718511. 
  • Hagn C, Schmid KW, Fischer-Colbrie R, Winkler H (1986). "Chromogranin A, B, and C in human adrenal medulla and endocrine tissues.". Lab. Invest. 55 (4): 405–11. PMID 3762065. 
  • Murray SS, Deaven LL, Burton DW, et al. (1987). "The gene for human chromogranin A (CgA) is located on chromosome 14.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142 (1): 141–6. PMID 3814131. 
  • Cetin Y, Aunis D, Bader MF, et al. (1993). "Chromostatin, a chromogranin A-derived bioactive peptide, is present in human pancreatic insulin (beta) cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (6): 2360–4. PMID 8096340. 
  • Mouland AJ, Bevan S, White JH, Hendy GN (1994). "Human chromogranin A gene. Molecular cloning, structural analysis, and neuroendocrine cell-specific expression.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (9): 6918–26. PMID 8120054. 
  • Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. PMID 8125298. 
  • Simon-Chazottes D, Wu H, Parmer RJ, et al. (1993). "Assignment of the chromogranin A (Chga) locus to homologous regions on mouse chromosome 12 and rat chromosome 6.". Genomics 17 (1): 252–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1316. PMID 8406464. 
  • Mahata SK, Kozak CA, Szpirer J, et al. (1996). "Dispersion of chromogranin/secretogranin secretory protein family loci in mammalian genomes.". Genomics 33 (1): 135–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0171. PMID 8617499. 
  • Strub JM, Goumon Y, Lugardon K, et al. (1996). "Antibacterial activity of glycosylated and phosphorylated chromogranin A-derived peptide 173-194 from bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin granules.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (45): 28533–40. PMID 8910482. 

[edit] See also