Christina Johansdotter
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Christina Johansdotter (d.1740) was a Swedish murderer, who killed a child in Stockholm with the sole purpose of being executed. She is an example of the phenomenon of suicidal people, who wish to die and commit murder with the intent to commit suicide by execution.
The case of Christina Johansdotter was brought before the court Södra Förstads kämnärsrätt in Stockholm in 1740. She was accused of having murdered the infant of a friend by decapitating it with an axe.
Christina freely admitted her crime and openly declared that she was guilty of what she was accused of. She clearly explained her motive to the court. She had been deeply in love with her fiancé, and when he died, she had lost all will to live and wanted to follow him in his grave. She had often contemplated suicide, but as the church taught that suicides go to hell, she would never see her fiancée again if she did so, as he was surely in heaven. At a loss as to how to solve this predicament, she witnessed the decapitation of a woman sentenced for infanticide, and the solution had became clear to her. The murder of a grown-up did not always lead to a death sentence, but the murder of a child always did, and after having confessed and repented their crime, even murderers were forgiven for their sin. She therefore decided that she would do this, confess, repent and be executed, and finally see her fiancé again, and thus they would be reunited in heaven.
With this intent, she had gone to a friend, asked her to lend her infant (with the purpose of showing it off to an acquaintance on a visit from the country), took it outside and chopped its head off with an ax. The punishment for the murder of a child in Sweden at this time was decapitation, after which the corpse was to be publicly burned at the stake.
Cases such as this were common; to murder a child was a common method used by many suicidal people. The reasons for this were religious. The contemporary religious belief were that suicide would send the soul to hell; however, an executed person, who confessed and repented his/her crime, was believed to go straight to heaven. In 18th century Sweden, this was the most common reason for murdering a child, second only to unmarried women suffocating their newly-born infants after their secret birth.
These suicide-executions represent quite a peculiar historical phenomenon, which developed its own customs and culture. At the end of the 17th century, executions were given a high pitched character in Stockholm; the condemned and their families bought special costumes, which were to be white or black and decorated with embroidery and ribbons, and paid for a suite to escort the condemned to the place of execution at Skanstull.
The authorities greatly disapproved of all this, as the purpose of an execution was to put fear in people, a purpose which was destroyed by these theatrical performances, which, according to the government, gave the audience sympathy for the condemned suicidals, especially if they were female.
To remedy this, the government issued a new law to abolish this execution-culture and restore the intended deterrent effect of executions. The new law was put into effect in 1754, fourteen years after the execution of Johansdotter and in the middle of this execution culture. After this, everyone suspected committing murder with the motive of committing suicide by execution was to stand on the schavott for two days with the crime stated on a board and whipped, and taken to their execution blindfolded. This did not have much effect in reality; King Gustav III of Sweden even contemplated replacing the death sentence with life in prison for female child murderers, simply because they were given such sympathy at the executions that the punishment did not have the intended deterrent effect.
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[edit] Sources
- Jan Guillou, "Häxornas försvarare"
