Choum

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Coordinates: 21°18′N 13°1′W / 21.3, -13.017
Choum
Choum Location in Mauritania
Country	‎ Mauritania
Region	Adrar Region

Choum is a town in northern Mauritania, lying in the Adrar Region close to the border with the Western Sahara (administered by, and claimed by, Morocco). The town grew from its position on trans-Saharan trading routes. It declined with the trade, and in 1977 was attacked by French troops as a suspected base of Polisario, the organization fighting for independence for the Western Sahara. Fortifications from the period survive around the town.

Choum is now a stop on the Mauritania Railway from Nouadhibou on the Atlantic coast to Zouérat, and a transport interchange for access to the Adrar Plateau and the Mauritanian capital Nouakchott. It is the railway which has made Choum famous - or infamous - in the European colonial legacy to Africa. The town stands on a spur of land which carries the major turning-point in the border between Mauritania and the Western Sahara. When the French colonial authorities in Mauritania, in the early 1960s, wished to build the line from Nouadhibou to Zouérat to exploit the iron ore reserves at Zouérat, the Spanish authorities then responsible for the Western Sahara negotiated to allow the railway to be built through Spanish territory over relatively level desert, but imposed conditions unacceptable to the French. The French engineers therefore built the line parallel with the border and tunneled through the Choum hillspur - two kilometres through solid granite just to stay within French territory. The tunnel has been called a "monument to European stupidity in Africa".^[1] The absurdity was highlighted when the southern part of the territory of Western Sahara was briefly administered by Mauritania after the Spanish withdrew in 1975-6.

Choum has a population of around 5,000.