Chouchi
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Chouchi (Chinese: 仇池; pinyin: Chóuchí ) is a Chinese local regime of the Di ethnicity in modern-day Gansu Province during the Sixteen Kingdoms and Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Yang Teng (楊騰), chieftain of the "White Neck" Di (白項氐) people, had occupied the southeast area of modern Gansu province, at the upper course of the Han River (漢水) at the begin of the 3rd century CE. His followers Yang Ju (楊駒) and Yang Qianwan (楊千萬) paid tribute to the emperors of the Cao-Wei Dynasty and were rewarded with the title of Prince (wáng 王). Yang Feilong (楊飛龍) shifted the center of the Chouchi realm back to Lüeyang 略陽 where his successor Yang Maosou 楊茂捜 reigned as independent king at the begin of the 4th century. The Chouchi troops often plundered territories in the Central Plains to the east and abducted people there, but the troops of Eastern Jin and Former Zhao on their side deprived the Chouchi empire of her inhabitants. In 322 Yang Nandi (楊難敵) suffered a defeat against Former Zhao and was degraded to Prince of Wudu (武都王) and Duke of Chouchi (仇池公). The next years are characterized by numerous internal struggles among the Yang clan and several throne usurpations. The rulers were not mere seen as regional inspector (cishi 刺史) or governor (taishou 太守) of their region under the government of Jin 晉. In 371 Fu Jiàn, ruler of Former Qin attacked Chouchi, captured the ruler Yang Cuan (楊篡) and ended the period of Former Chouchi. Yang Ding (楊定), a great-grandson of Yang Maosou and grandson of Fu Jiàn, refounded the Chouchi kingdom in 385 with the capital at Licheng (歷城). His younger brother Yang Sheng (楊盛) was able to conquer greater territory at the upper course of the Han River, the region Liangzhou (梁州), and declared himself a governor for the Jin Dynasty. Efforts to occupy the territory of modern Sichuan failed, but Chouchi controlled a great part of the modern provinces Gansu (east) and Shaanxi (south). After 443 the lords of Chouchi were only puppet rulers controlled by the Northern Wei. Historians talk of the five realms of Chouchi (Chouchi wuguo 仇池五國): Former and Later Chouchi (Qianchouchi 前仇池, Houchouchi 後仇池), Yinping 陰平, Wudu 武都, and Wuxing 武興.
| Sixteen Kingdoms. |
|---|
| 16 Kingdoms |
| Cheng Han |
| Han Zhao |
| Later Zhao |
| Former Liang |
| Later Liang |
| Western Liang |
| Northern Liang |
| Southern Liang |
| Former Qin |
| Later Qin |
| Western Qin |
| Former Yan |
| Later Yan |
| Northern Yan |
| Southern Yan |
| Xia |
| Not included in the 16 Kingdoms |
| Ran Wei |
| Western Shu |
| Western Yan |
| Duan |
| Yuwen |
| Chouchi |
| Wei (Dingling) |
| Dai |
| Huan Chu |
| Chieftains, Dukes and Kings of Chouchi, Wuxing and Yinping (late 2nd century- mid 6th century (555?) ) | |||
| Posthumous names | Common names in Chinese characters | Duartions of reigns or in office | Era names |
| First Phase of Chouchi (late 2nd century-371) | |||
| Did not exist | 楊騰 yang2 teng2 | late 184 - 210 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊駒 yang2 ju1 | 210 - 230 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊千萬 yang2 qian1wan4 | 230 - 263 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊飛龍 yang2 fei1long2 | 263 - 296 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊茂搜 yang2 mao4sou1 | 296 - 317 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊難敵 yang2 nan2di2 | 317-334 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊毅 yang2 yi4 | 334-337 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊初 yang2 chu1 | 337-355 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊國 yang2 guo2 | 355-356 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊俊 yang2 jun4 | 356-360 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊世 yang2 shi4 | 360-370 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊篡 yang2 cuan4 | 370-371 | Did not exist |
| Second Phase of Chouchi 385-473 | |||
| Wu Wang|武王 wu3 wang2 | 楊定 yang2 ding4 | 385-394 | Did not exist |
| Hui Wen Wang|惠文王 hui4 wen2 wang2 | 楊盛 yang2 sheng4 | 394-425 | Did not exist |
| Xiao Zhao Wang|孝昭王 xiao4 zhao1 wang2 | 楊玄 yang2 xuan2 | 425-429 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊保宗 yang2 bao3zong1 | 429 and 443 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊難當 yang2 nan2dang1 | 429-441 | Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 436-440 |
| Did not exist | 楊保熾 yang2 bao3chi4 | 442-443 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊文德 yang2 wen2de2 | 443-454 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊元和 yang2 yuan2he2 | 455-466 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊僧嗣 yang2 seng1si4 | 466-473 | Did not exist |
| Kings of Wuxing 473-506 and 534-555 | |||
| Did not exist | 楊文度 yang2 wen2du4 | 473-477 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊文弘 yang2 wen2hong2 | 477-482 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊後起 yang2 hou4qi3 | 482-486 | Did not exist |
| An Wang (安王 an1 wang2) | 楊集始 yang2 ji2shi3 | 482-503 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊紹先 yang2 shao4xian1 | 503-506, 534-535 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊智慧 yang2 zhi4hui4 | 535-545 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊辟邪 yang2 bi4xie2 | 545-553 | Did not exist |
| Note: Yang Zhi Hui and Yang Bi Xie could be the same person | |||
| Kings of Yinping 477- mid 6th century | |||
| Did not exist | 楊廣香 yang2 guang3xiang1 | 477-483? | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊炯 yang2 jiong3 | 483-495 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊崇祖 yang2 chong2zu3 | 495-before 502 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊孟孫 yang2 meng4sun1 | before 502-511 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | 楊定 yang2 ding4 | 511- ? | Did not exist |
