Chota Nagpur Division
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Chota Nagpur Division, also known as the South-West Frontier, was a former administrative division of British India. It included most of the present-day state of Jharkhand as well as adjacent portions of West Bengal, Orissa, and Chhattisgarh.
The division included five districts, Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Palamau, Manbhum, and Singhbhum. The administrative headquarters of the division was at Ranchi. The total area of the division was 27,101 square miles (70,161 sq. km.), and the population was 4,900,429 in 1901. In 1901 Hindus constituted 68.5% of the total population, animists 22.7%, Muslims 5.7%, Christians 2.9%, and 853 Jains. The Chota Nagpur States, a group of princely states, was under the political authority of the division's commissioner.
Chota Nagpur division hilly and forested, and home to a great diversity of peoples, including Biharis in the north, Oriyas in the south, Bengalis in the east, Santals, Mundas, Oraons, Hos, Bhumijs, and Gonds. The region came under the control of the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and was annexed to the Bengal Presidency, the largest province of British India. After the Kol rebellion of 1831-2, the division was extempted by Regulation XIII of 1833 from the general laws and regulations governing Bengal, and every branch of the administration was vested in an officer appointed by the supreme Government and called the Agent to the Governor-General of India for the South-West Frontier. In 1854 the designation of the province was changed to Chota Nagpur by Act XX of that year, and was administered thereafter as a non-regulation province under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal Presidency. The title of the chief administrative officer was changed from Agent to Commissioner, and the officers in charge of the districts became Deputy Commissioners. The Commissioner exercised general control over the Chota Nagpur States.
In October 1906, five of the nine Chota Nagpur States were placed under the authority of the Central Provinces and two transferred to the Orissa Tributary States, leaving only the states of Kharsawan and Saraikela under the authority of the commissioner.
Chota Nagpur Division became part of the new province of Bihar and Orissa when it was created in 1912. In 1936 the province was split into the separate provinces of Bihar (which included present-day Bihar and Jharkhand states) and Orissa, and the princely states were placed under the authority of the Eastern States Agency.
[edit] References
- Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al (1908). Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 12. 1908-1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford.
- Rice, Ron (2001). New Indian States, Princely States Report, January 2001. [1]
