Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In enzymology, a cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.98) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

cholesterol + NADPH + H⁺ + O₂ $\rightleftharpoons$ (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol + NADP⁺ + H₂O

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are cholesterol, NADPH, H⁺, and O₂, whereas its 3 products are (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol, NADP⁺, and H₂O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is cholesterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (24-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include cholesterol 24-monooxygenase, CYP46, CYP46A1, cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase, and cytochrome P450 46A1.

[edit] References

IUBMB entry for 1.14.13.98
BRENDA references for 1.14.13.98 (Recommended.)
PubMed references for 1.14.13.98
PubMed Central references for 1.14.13.98
Google Scholar references for 1.14.13.98
Lund EG, Guileyardo JM, Russell DW (1999). "cDNA cloning of cholesterol 24-hydroxylase, a mediator of cholesterol homeostasis in the brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96: 7238–43. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.13.7238. PMID 10377398.
Pikuleva IA (2003). "Broad substrate specificity of human cytochrome P450 46A1 which initiates cholesterol degradation in the brain". Biochemistry. 42: 14284–92. doi:10.1021/bi035512f. PMID 14640697.
Lund EG, Xie C, Kotti T, Turley SD, Dietschy JM, Russell DW (2003). "Knockout of the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase gene in mice reveals a brain-specific mechanism of cholesterol turnover". J. Biol. Chem. 278: 22980–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M303415200. PMID 12686551.
Winblad B, Russell DW, Bjorkhem I (2001). "On the turnover of brain cholesterol in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Abnormal induction of the cholesterol-catabolic enzyme CYP46 in glial cells". Neurosci. Lett. 314: 45–8. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02277-7. PMID 11698143.
Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72: 137–74. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712. PMID 12543708.