Chogyal Namkhai Norbu

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Chögyal Namkhai Norbu
Information
Born: December 1938
Place of birth: Kham region, Tibet
Nationality: Tibetan
Religion: Buddhism
School(s): Dzogchen
Title(s): Rinpoche, Chogyal
Teacher(s): Changchub Dorje
Website
Website: http://www.tsegyalgar.org/

Portal:Buddhism

Chögyal Namkhai Norbu (Tibetan: ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ནམ་མཁའི་ནོར་བུ་) is a Dzogchen teacher who was born in Derge, Kham district (Eastern Tibet) on 8 December 1938. When he was two years old, Namkhai Norbu was recognized as the reincarnation of a great Dzogchen teacher, Adzom Drugpa Rinpoche. From an early age Namkhai Norbu undertook an accelerated course of study, attending monastic college, taking retreats, and studying with renowned teachers, including some of the most important Tibetan masters of his time. Under the tutelage of these teachers, he completed the training required by Buddhist tradition in both Sutra and Tantra. At the age of sixteen he met master Rigdzin Changchub Dorje, who became his principal Dzogchen teacher.[1]

In 1960 he came to Italy at the invitation of Professor Giuseppe Tucci, and served as Professor of Tibetan and Mongolian Language and Literature from 1964 to 1992 at the Oriental Institute of the University of Naples. Namkhai Norbu is widely recognized as a leading authority on Tibetan civilization, particularly in the fields of history, literature, and the medical and astrological sciences. In 1983, he hosted the first International Convention on Tibetan Medicine, held in Venice, Italy.[2]

In 1976 Chögyal Namkhai Norbu began to give Dzogchen instruction in the West, first in Italy, then in numerous other countries. He quickly became a respected spiritual authority among many practitioners, and has created centers for the study of Dzogchen around the world. [3]


Contents

[edit] Nomenclature and etymology

This section details the origins and meaning of the name Chogyal Namkhai Norbu (Tibetan: Chos-rGyal Nam-mkha’i Nor-bu).[4]

Chogyal is a title most commonly associated with the monarchy of Sikkim, now a state in far-northern India. However, Chogyal (or Chos-rGyal) is a title also conferred upon a special class of temporal and spiritual rulers of the Kingdom of Bhutan, who were recognized reincarnations (or successions of reincarnations) of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel, the 17th Century Tibetan-born founder of Bhutan. Namkhai Norbu, recognized at the age of five as a reincarnation of Ngawang Namgyel, holds the title of Chogyal in this context.[5]

Namkhai (Tibetan) holds the semantic field of "sky", "space" and "aether," and has the possessive case ending, thus it may be rendered into English as "...of the sky". Norbu (Tibetan) holds the semantic field of "jewel", "crystal", "gem", "cintamani". Therefore, Namkhai Norbu may be rendered in English as "Jewel of the Sky", "Gem of the Aether" or "Crystal of Space".


[edit] Recognition as a Tulku

Namkai Norbu is a recognized tulku (also trulku), a reincarnate master. At birth two of Norbu's uncles, the Dzogchen masters Palyul Karma Yangsid and Shechen Rabjam believed him to be the reincarnation of their master, Adzom Drugpa Rinpoche (1841-1934). When Norbu was two years old, this was confirmed by a high tulku of the Nyingmapa school.[6]

Then when he was five years old, the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa and the Situ Rinpoche together recognized Namkhai Norbu as the mind incarnation of another well known teacher, who was in turn the reincarnation of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel, the 17th Century Tibetan-born founder of Bhutan.[7]

At a very young age, these recognitions conferred upon Namkhai Norbu a great deal of attention and prestige, as he himself remarks: "As I grew up, I was thus given quite a few names and titles, many of which are very long and grand sounding. But I have never used them, because I have always preferred the name my parents gave me at birth."[8]


[edit] Early Life

In his early years Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche studied at the Derge Gonchen monastery. At the age of nine he entered a Sakya College where he studied Buddhist philosophy for many years with Khyenrab Chökyi Odzer. He also received numerous tantric and Dzogchen transmissions and teachings from many masters, including his paternal uncle Togden Ugyen Tendzin (who achieved the rainbow body), maternal uncle Khyentse Rinpoche Chökyi Wangchug, Drubwang Rinpoche Kunga Palden, Negyab Rinpoche, Drugse Gyurmed Dorje, Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche and Bo Gongkar Rinpoche. In 1951, he also received Chöd teachings from Ayu Khandro Dorje Paldrön, a woman who spent over fifty years in dark retreat and was a disciple of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.

Rinpoche was invited to China in 1953 as a representative of the Tibetan monasteries. After visiting Chengdu and Chungching, he accepted the invitation to teach Tibetan language in Menyag. During this time Rinpoche met Kangkar Rinpoche from whom he received instructions on the Six Yogas of Naropa and other teachings.

Rinpoche met his root teacher Rigdzin Changchub Dorje in 1955 and stayed at his residence in Khamdogar for six months. From Changchub Dorje he received the authentic transmission of Dzogchen and realized the essence of the teaching as one state of knowledge beyond all limitations. This realization has remained a characteristic feature of his way of teaching throughout his life.

In the late 1950s, Chögyal Namkhai Norbu made a pilgrimage to Tibet, India, and Nepal. While he was residing in Sikkim in 1959, the Chinese occupied Tibet, and as he was unable to return to his homeland to join his family, he remained in Sikkim working as an author and editor for the Government of Sikkim.


[edit] Professorship

Recognized as extremely knowledgeable in all aspects of Tibetan culture at only the age of twenty-two, he was invited to Italy by the famous Professor Giuseppe Tucci to work at the ISMEO Institute in Rome for two years. In 1962 he took a post in Naples at the Istituto Universitario Orientale where he taught Tibetan language and literature until 1992. From the time of his residence in Italy, Chogyal Namkhai Norbu focused his research mainly on the ancient history of Tibet investigating thoroughly the autochthonous Bön tradition. His books, which include works on history, Tibetan medicine, astrology, Bön and folk traditions such as namkha, are evidence of his profound knowledge of Tibetan culture and his commitment to preserve this ancient cultural heritage. They have been highly appreciated by Tibetans as well as scholars throughout the world.


[edit] Teaching Dzogchen in the West

[edit] Trul khor: Yantra Yoga

In 1971 Chogyal Namkhai Norbu began to teach Yantra Yoga, an ancient form of Tibetan Yoga combining movement, breathing and visualization. A few years later he started to give Dzogchen teachings to a small group of Italian students with whom he founded the Dzogchen Community. At that time Dzogchen was relatively unknown in the West.

[edit] International Dzogchen Community

As interest in his teachings grew, Rinpoche dedicated himself to spreading Dzogchen and establishing 'gars' (Tibetan), seats of the International Dzogchen Community, throughout the world. Today there are gars in Italy, the United States, South America, Australia and Russia. Apart from his spiritual activity, he founded the International Shang-Shung Institute to preserve the cultural traditions of Tibet, and ASIA, a non-profit organization operating in Tibet which is mainly dedicated to serving the educational and medical needs of the Tibetan people.


[edit] See also


[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Norbu, Namkhai (1980, 1982) The Necklace of Gzi, A Cultural History of Tibet (Information Office of HH the Dalai Lama, Dharamsala).
  2. ^ Dzogchen Romania. A brief biography of Chögyal Namkhai Norbu Online: [1] (accessed: May 14, 2008)
  3. ^ Tsegyalgar East. Chogyal Namkhai Norbu (Biographical Sketch). Online: [2] (accessed: May 14, 2008)
  4. ^ Capriles, Elías (2003). Buddhism and Dzogchen: The Doctrine of the Buddha and the Supreme Vehicle of Tibetan Buddhism - Part One Buddhism: A Dzogchen Outlook. University of the Andes: Mérida, Venezuela. Source: [3] (accessed: January 14, 2008) p.5
  5. ^ Norbu, Namkhai (2000). The Crystal and the Way of Light: Sutra, Tantra, Dzogchen. (Snow Lion Publications) pg.19-20 & Notes.
  6. ^ ibid
  7. ^ ibid
  8. ^ ibid


[edit] Bibliography

  • Dzogchen and Zen (1984), ISBN 0931892082
  • The Crystal and the Way of Light: Sutra, Tantra and Dzogchen (1988). Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0140190848
  • The Cycle of Day and Night: An Essential Tibetan Text on the Practice of Contemplation (1987). Station Hill Press. ISBN 0-88268-040-4
  • Primordial Experience: An Introduction to Rdzogs-Chen Meditation (1987). Shambhala Publications. ISBN 0-87773-372-4
  • The Dzogchen Ritual Practices (1991). London: Kailash Editions. Restricted distribution.
  • Dream Yoga and the Practice of Natural Light (1992). Snow Lion Publications. ISBN 1-55939-007-7
  • Dzogchen - The Self-Perfected State (1996)
  • The Golden Letters (1996) (Foreword). Snow Lion Publications. ISBN 1-55939-050-6
  • The Mirror: Advice on the Presence of Awareness (1996). Station Hill Press. ISBN 1886449104
  • Self-Liberation: Through Seeing with Naked Awareness (2000). Station Hill Press. ISBN 0-88268-058-7
  • The Supreme Source: The Fundamental Tantra of the Dzogchen Semde (1999). Snow Lion Publications. ISBN 1-55939-120-0
  • Dream Yoga and the Practice of Natural Light, Revised (2002)
  • Drung, Deu and Bön (2002). India: Paljor Publications. ISBN 81-85102-93-7
  • Journey Among the Tibetan Nomads (2002). India: Paljor Publications. ISBN 81-86470-10-7
  • Dzogchen Teachings (2006). Snow Lion Publications. ISBN 1-55939-243-6

[edit] External links


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