Choekyi Gyaltsen

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Choekyi Gyaltsen
10th Panchen Lama

Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama of Tibet
Reign 3 June 1949–28 January 1989
Coronation 11 June 1949
Full name Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen
Born 19 February 1938
Birthplace Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, Qinghai
Died 28 January 1989 (age 51)
Place of death Shigatse
Predecessor Thubten Chökyi Nyima, 9th Panchen Lama
Successor Gedhun Choekyi Nyima
Issue Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo
Royal House Panchen Lama
Father Gonpo Tseten
Mother Sonam Drolma
Choekyi Gyaltsen
Tibetan name
Tibetan: བློ་བཟང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ལྷུན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།
Wylie transliteration: blo bzang phrin las lhun grub chos kyi rgyal mtshan
pronunciation in IPA: []
official transcription (PRC): Lobsang Chinlai Lhünzhub Qoigyi Gyaincain
THDL: Lozang Trinlé Lhündrup Chökyi Gyeltsen
other transcriptions: Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen
Chinese name
traditional: 確吉堅贊
simplified: 确吉坚赞
Pinyin: Quèjí Jiānzàn

Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen (February 19, 1938 – January 28, 1989) was the 10th Panchen Lama of Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism. He was often referred to simply as Choekyi Gyaltsen (which can be Choekyi Gyaltse, Choskyi Gyantsen, etc.), although this is also the name of several other notable figures in Tibetan history.

[edit] Biography

He was born on February 19, 1938 in today's Xunhua Salar Autonomous County of Qinghai, to Gonpo Tseten and Sonam Drolma and given the name Gonpo Tseten. On June 3, 1949, officials of the Ninth Panchen Lama recognized Gonpo Tseten as the tenth incarnation of the Panchen Lama. He was enthroned on June 11, 1949 in Amdo (Qinghai) under the auspice of Chinese officials after the Kuomintang administration approved the selection. In 1951, he was invited to Beijing at the time of the arrival a Tibetan delegation which was finally forced to sign the 17-Point Agreement and was forced to send a telegram requesting the Dalai Lama, to implement the Agreement.[1]. He was recognized by the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso when they met in 1952.

In 1844, the Palden Tenpai Nyima, had had a summer palace for the Panchen Lamas built about 1 km south of Tashilhunpo Monastery containing 2 chapels in walled gardens. Chökyi Gyaltsen, the 10th Panchen Lama, added sumptuous sitting rooms and audience room to this summer palace. It is now a popular picnic spot described in a touristic guide.[2]

In September 1954, the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama went to Beijing to attend the first session of the first National People's Congress, meeting Mao Zedong and other leaders[3], [4].

In 1956, the Panchen Lama went to India on a pilgrimage together with the Dalai Lama. When the Dalai Lama fled to India in 1959, the Panchen Lama decided to stay.

After a tour through Tibet, in May 1962, he met Zhou Enlai to discuss a petition he had written, criticizing the situation in Tibet. The petition was a 70,000 character document that dealt with the brutal suppression of the Tibetan people during and after the Chinese invasion of Tibet. The initial reaction was positive, but in October 1962, the PRC authorities dealing with the population criticized the petition. Chairman Mao called the petition "... a poisoned arrow shot at the Party by reactionary feudal overlords."

In 1964, he was imprisoned.[5] The Panchen's situation worsened when the Cultural Revolution began. The chinese dissident and former Red Guard Wei Jingsheng published in March 1979 a letter under his name but written by another anonymous author, denouncing the inhuman conditions of the Chinese Qincheng Prison where the 10th Panchen Lama was imprisoned.[6] In October 1977, he was released but held under house arrest in Beijing until 1982. After his release, he was considered by the PRC authorities to be politically rehabilitated and he then rose to important positions. He served as Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress.

In 1979, he married a Han Chinese woman and in 1983 they had a daughter, Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo,[7] which was considered controversial for a Gelug lama.

In 1989, the 10th Panchen Lama died "under mysterious circumstances" from an alleged heart attack in Shigatse at the age of 51, five days after delivering a speech in Tibet in which he said: "Since liberation, there has certainly been development, but the price paid for this development has been greater than the gains.".[8][9]

[edit] A vivid symbol of Tibetan aspirations

About 20 years after his death, the large public demonstration to commemorate the 70th birthday of the late Panchen Lama suggests he remains a vivid symbol of Tibetan aspirations.[10]

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ The Tenth Panchen Lama
  2. ^ Mayhew, Bradley and Kohn, Michael. (2005). Tibet, p. 177. Lonely Planet Publications. ISBN 1-74059-523-8.
  3. ^ Ngapoi recalls the founding of the TAR, Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, China View, 30 August 2005.
  4. ^ Selected Foreign Dignitaries Met From Year 1954 to 1989
  5. ^ Exploring Chinese History :: East Asian Region :: Tibet
  6. ^ Excerpts from Qincheng: A Twentieth Century Bastille, published in Exploration, March 1979
  7. ^ BUDDHA'S DAUGHTER: A YOUNG TIBETAN-CHINESE WOMAN
  8. ^ Laird, Thomas. (2006). The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama, p. 355. Grove Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-8021-1827-1.
  9. ^ "Panchen Lama Poisoned arrow", BBC, 2001-10-14. Retrieved on 2007-04-29. 
  10. ^ Thousands in China pay tribute to late Tibetan lama
Preceded by
Thubten Chökyi Nyima		 Reincarnation of the Panchen Lama
1949–1989		 Succeeded by
Gedhun Choekyi Nyima
(Government of Tibet in Exile interpretation)
Erdini Qoigyijabu
(People's Republic of China interpretation)
Preceded by
Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama		 Chief of Tibet Autonomous Region
1959 – 1964		 Succeeded by
Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme