Chodko Jurewicz
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| Chodko Jurewicz | ||
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| Noble Family | Chodkiewicz | |
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| Consorts | ? | |
| Children | Ivan Chodkiewicz | |
| Date of Birth | c.1431 | |
| Place of Birth | ? | |
| Date of Death | 1447 | |
| Place of Death | ? | |
Chodko Jurewicz (c.1431 - 1447), founder of Chodkiwicz clan.
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[edit] Biography
Chodko was historical person, but his origin and biography have long been disputed by scholars. There are legendary, as well as historical sources describing life of Chodko and both should be taken into consideration.
[edit] Legends
Augustyn Mieleski - Rotundus, 16th century researcher of Lithuanian history and diplomacy, in 1564 wrote: "Chodkiewich is a Lithuanian family deriving from Chocko"[1]. There`s confusion about Chocko extraction and even his name, sometimes he`s named Boreyko Chodko.
Rotundus wrote:
| “ | Hero in a name of glory, on soar rose, Boreykos house, whose hires |
” |
Boreyko had four sons: Ivan, Yurii, Elizar and Chodko. Latter in 1311 was one of commanders during campaign against Teutonic Order under Gedyminas and his sons: Algirdas and Kęstutis. Lithuanians suffered great defeat and Algirdas was wounded in a head, Chodko Boreykowicz might took injured Algirdas from battlefield and drove him to Bielsk, where healed him. For this deed Prince rewarded him with possessions between Narew and Nemen rivers.[1]
Creator of Chodkiewicz legend was Maciej Stryjkowski, who lived in a masion of Knyaz Yurii III Slutski in the years 1575-79, and was hired by Knyaz to write for him and probably also for his son-in-law Yurii Chodkiewicz a book: "(About beginnings, descent, gallantry, chivalry and home issues of glorious Lithuanian, Samogitian and Ruthenian family...)"
Regarding his assignment, in 1306 to Grand Duke Gedyminas came a Tatar envoy who asked for a duel with any Lithuanian warrior. In the case of Lithuanian victory, Gedyminas will stop paying tribute to the Khan. Samogitian Boreyko picked up the gauntlet and won, thus his homeland was rescued from paying the tribute to Tatars. Grand Duke rewarded Boreyko with possessions of Kazyłkiszki, Zblanów, Sochałów and granted him with land tenancy in Stkiwiłowicz and Slonim[2]. Stryjkowski was also serving in army of Ivan Chodkiewicz and then worked under patronage of Hrehory Chodkiewicz and his son, Aleksander[2]. It`s very probable that this scholar wanted just to repay his patrons. From other hand, Hrehory, Yurii and Aleksander had undoubtedly best knowledge about their own roots.
In 1585 Bartosz Paprocki, just like Stryjkowski before, deduces Hrehory Chodkiewicz ancestry from Boreyko, with this difference that he considered Chodko and Boreyko as a one person. According to his researches Ivan Chodkiewicz, descendant of Chodko, during reign of Casimir IV Jagiellon was Vitebsk voivode[3].
Wojciech Wijuk Kojałowicz about two centuries later wrote that Boreyko defeated some uncertain Tatar when he camed to Grand Duke Vytenis and rescued Grand Duke when ha went hunting. Duke rewarded him with all land he can walk around during one day, because Boreyko was walking fast, he get nickname Chodko[4] (from Russian: chodit-walking). Descendants of Chodko, according to Kojałowicz were: Wasil - Smolensk governor and Ivan - one of Vytautas the Great commanders. Latter one might to have two sons: Ivan - marszałek of Casimir IV Jagiellon and Paul - Kremenets starost. Ivan was considered by him as a father of Aleksander Chodkiewicz[4].
Kasper Niesiecki wrote that Chodkiewicz ancestor once rescued Duke Vytenis, when he was surprised, surrounded and wounded by his enemies, and because of his fast walk, was named Chodko[5].
[edit] History
In 12 October 1398 the Salynas peace was signed between the Teutonic Order and the Grand Duke Vytautas, under which Boreyko and his son - Wasil wrote down their names with Kościesza coat of arms, in addition to this, both are mentioned in the Russian Chronics (latopis). The reason why Boreyko and Chodkiewicz had the same, and what`s most uncertain - Polish, coat of arms, is not clear. Undoubtedly it wasn`t given to them in Union of Horodlo, because Jan Długosz
didn`t listed it amongst the others. Moreover, Lithuanian nobles, who received coats of arms in this union, converted on the Roman Catholicism, and Chodkiewicz (exactly Ivan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz) did it much later, because in 1572. In 1434 was signed act of union between Grand Duke Sigismund Kęstutaitis and Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon, amongst the subscribers was signature of Chodko Jurewicz, Boreyko coat of arms. Peter Boreyko, legendary ancestor of this family, had two brothers: Ivan and Jurii, latter is supposed to be father of Chodko Jurewicz. Privilege of Sigismund II Augustus I, which at 10 June 1568 was giving to Ivan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz office of the Livonian governor, clearly separates Boreyko and Kościesza coats of arms[6].
In 1415 Chodko led legation of Grand Duke Vytautas to Polish King Ladislau II Jagiello, which was reported by Wawel bills, so Chodko was notable person at that time already[7]. Since 1422 was Polotsk governor. At 2 September of the same year he signed the Treaty of Melno with name Thudko Jurewicz, but all of its subscribers wrote their broken names [7] In 1431 was signed "Skirstymonska deal" between Grand Duke Švitrigaila and Teutonic Order, which joined Švitrigaila in a war against Poland, amongst nine representants of Lithuania was Thudko Jurewicz as a seventh subscriber[7]. But about a year later supported Sigismund Kęstutaitis in his coup d'état against Švitrigaila.[7] He fought in the battle of Ashmyany 8 December 1432, as well as another Chodko on the opposing side[7]. In 1432 wrote down his name and Kościesza Coat of Arms under act of the Union of Grodno on the ninth place for all 41 signed. He was one of most notable persons and preserved his place during and after civil war, at the time of Casimir IV Jagiellon reign as a Grand Duke, he belonged to Duchys highest council[7]. He had possessions in Brzostowica Wielka, Choroszcz, Trzescianka, Suprasl, Gródek, Ros, Swisłocz and a mansion in the Mysz.
It`s important to notice that there is more than one Chodkiewicz family, like Chodkiewicz with Jastrzębiec coat of arms. Chodko might sounds Chodor and be just a broken form of name Feodor[8][9]. Recalleing the Codex of Supraśl, Chodko Jurewicz was progenitor of whole clan.
Chodko Jurewicz died after 1447, he had a son Ivan, born in 1420 by unknown wife.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Genute Kirkiene Roots of Chodkiewicz clan (in Polish)
- Genealogy of Chodkiewicz family.
- Family tree of Chodkiewicz.
- Full interactive family tree (in Polish).
[edit] References
- ^ a b c A. Rotundus: Rozmowy Polaka z Litwinem, Kraków 1890 a-(p.47), b-(p.242), c-(p.244–245}.
- ^ a b M. Stryjkowski: O poczatkach...Warszawa 1978, a-(p.8, 10), b.
- ^ B. Paprocki: Herby rycerstwa polskiego, Kraków 1858, (p.845}.
- ^ a b W. Wijuk-Kojałowicz: Herbarz rycerstwa W. X. Litewskiego... Kraków 1897, a-(p.62), b-(p.62).
- ^ K. Niesiecki: Herbarz polski, vol.III, Lipsk 1839, (p.48).
- ^ A. Szałanda: Da pytannia ab pachodzanni hierba Chadkiewicza˘u, Białystok 1995,(p. 7).
- ^ a b c d e f G. Kirkiene: Korzenie rodu Chodkiewiczów, a-(p.34–55), b-(p.43–44), c-(p.38), d-(p.42-43), e-(p.41), f-(p.40).
- ^ A. Boniecki: Poczet rodów Wielkiego Ksiestwa Litewskiego w XV i XVI w., Warszawa 1887, (p.20).
- ^ Józef Wolff: „Herbarz litewski” (p.127)
