Chlorothiazide

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Chlorothiazide
Systematic (IUPAC) name
6-chloro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide
Identifiers
CAS number	58-94-6
ATC code	C03AA04
PubChem	2720
DrugBank	APRD00721
Chemical data
Formula	C7H6ClN3O4S2
Mol. mass	295.725 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	Nil
Half life	45 to 120 minutes
Excretion	Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	C(US)
Legal status	℞-only(US)
Routes	Oral

Chlorothiazide sodium (Diuril) is a diuretic used within the hospital setting or for personal use to manage excess fluid associated with congestive heart failure. It is also used as an antihypertensive.

Most often taken in pill form, it is usually taken orally once or twice a day. In the ICU setting, chlorothiazide is given to diurese a patient in addition to furosemide (Lasix). Working in a separate mechanism than furosemide, and absorbed enterically as a reconstituted suspension administered through a nasogastric tube (NG tube), the two drugs potentiate one another without risk of toxicity. Because it is absorbed enterically there are no risks associated with chlorothiazide as there are with furosemide administration.

Contents 1 Indications 2 Contraindications 3 Dose 4 Side effects

[edit] Indications

• Large amount of excess fluid including:
  • Diagnosed congested heart failure
  • Peripheral edema
  • Rales / Rhonchi
  • Hypertension

[edit] Contraindications

• Renal failure or insufficency
• Allergies to sulfa drugs

[edit] Dose

• 500 mg–1 g once or twice a day, by mouth or through NG tube (reconstituted suspension)
• May also be given intravenously, and should be given first if given in combination with IV lasix since it potentiate's the diuretic effect of furosemide.

[edit] Side effects

• Nausea / Vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Excess urine production
• Dehydration
• Hypoelectrolytemia (esp. hypokalemia / hypomagnesia)

v • d • e Antihypertensives (C02) and diuretics (C03) Sympatholytic agents (including alpha) centrally acting/antiadrenergics: Clonidine • Guanfacine • Methyldopa • Moxonidine • Rilmenidine • adrenergic uptake inhibitor (Rescinnamine, Reserpine) ganglion-blocking/nicotinic antagonist (Mecamylamine, Trimethaphan) peripherally acting/antiadrenergics (Prazosin, Guanethidine, Indoramin, Doxazosin) Vasodilators Diazoxide • Hydralazine • Minoxidil • Nitroprusside • Phentolamine Other antihypertensives serotonin antagonist (Ketanserin) • endothelin receptor antagonist (Bosentan, Ambrisentan, Sitaxsentan) Low ceiling diuretics Thiazide (Bendroflumethiazide, Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide) • Chlortalidone • Indapamide • Quinethazone • Mersalyl • Metolazone • Theobromine • Cicletanine High ceiling diuretics Loop diuretic (Bumetanide, Furosemide, Torasemide) Potassium-sparing diuretics ESC blockers (Amiloride, Triamterene) • aldosterone antagonists (Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Potassium canrenoate, Canrenone)