Chiropractic treatment techniques

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Many chiropractic treatment techniques/modalities are available for use by chiropractors. Although the chiropractic profession is primarily based on the use of the spinal adjustment, many other techniques exist for treating the spine, as well as other joints and tissues. A modern chiropractor may specialize in spinal adjustments only, or may use a wide range of methods intended to address an array of neuromusculoskeletal and general health issues. Examples include soft tissue therapy, strength training, dry needling (similar to acupuncture), functional electrical stimulation, traction, and nutritional recommendations. Chiropractors may also use other complementary alternative methods as part of a holistic treatment approach.

Contents 1 Spinal adjustment 2 National Board of Chiropractic Examiners listing of the most frequently used techniques 3 WebMD listing of techniques 4 Canadian Chiropractic Association outline according to purpose 5 See also 6 References

[edit] Spinal adjustment

Main article: Spinal adjustment

"Spinal adjustment" and "chiropractic adjustment" are terms used by chiropractors to describe their approaches to spinal manipulation, as well as some osteopaths, who use the term "adjustment".

Claims made for the benefits of spinal adjustments range from temporary, palliative (pain relieving) effects to long term wellness and preventive care. Some claims are controversial, particularly with regard to indications and health benefits. There is debate concerning the safety of some of the procedures used in spinal adjustments, particularly those including upper cervical manipulations.

The original spinal adjustment was a variation of a procedure known today as spinal manipulation. This form of treatment has documented use as far back as Hippocrates and the ancient Egyptians and was carried through the ages by families of bonesetters. The modern form of spinal manipulation techniques have characteristic biomechanical features, and are usually associated with an audible "popping" sound. There is strong evidence that this sound is the result of a phenomenon known as cavitation.

[edit] National Board of Chiropractic Examiners listing of the most frequently used techniques

Chiropractors may include any of hundreds of available techniques and methods in their practices. The National Board of Chiropractic Examiners has rated the following as the most frequently used techniques, here listed with percentages of chiropractors who use them and patients who are treated with them as of 2003:^[1]

Technique	% of Chiropractors using technique	% of Patients treated with technique
1. Diversified	96.2	71.5
2. Extremity manipulating/adjusting	95.4	46.8
3. Activator Methods	69.9	23.9
4. Thompson	61.3	28.2
5. Gonstead	57.2	26.2
6. Cox Flexion/Distraction	56.5	23.5
7. Sacro Occipital Technique [SOT]	49.6	15.3
8. Manipulative/Adjustive Instruments	40.3	15.7
9. Cranial	38.0	10.3
10. Applied Kinesiology	37.6	12.9
11. NIMMO/Receptor Tonus	33.6	13.4
12. Logan Basic	26.0	5.2
13. Palmer upper cervical [HIO] (Hole-in-One)	25.7	6.7
14. Pierce-Stillwagon	15.4	5.1
15. Meric	15.1	4.3
16. Other	12.5	10.4

[edit] WebMD listing of techniques

Over the years, many variations of these techniques have been delivered, most as proprietary techniques developed by individual practitioners. WebMD has made a partial list:^[2]

[edit] Canadian Chiropractic Association outline according to purpose

Most of these techniques can be divided according to the purpose:^[3]

A. Manual Articular Manipulative and Adjustive Procedures:

1. Specific Contact Thrust Procedures
   1. high-velocity thrust
      1. high-velocity thrust with recoil
      2. low-velocity thrust
2. Non-Specific Contact Thrust Procedures
   1. mobilization
3. Manual Force, Mechanically Assisted Procedures
   1. drop tables and terminal point adjustive thrust
      1. flexion-distraction and traction-type tables
4. Mechanical Force, Manually Assisted Procedures
   1. pelvic blocks
      1. mechanical adjusting devices

B. Manual Non-Articular Manipulative Procedures:

1. Manual Reflex and Muscle Relaxation Procedures
   1. muscle energy techniques
      1. neurologic reflex techniques
         1. myofascial ischemic compression procedures
            1. miscellaneous soft tissue techniques

C. Miscellaneous Procedures:

1. Neural retraining techniques

D. Non-Manual Procedures:

1. Exercise and Rehabilitation
2. Back school/spinal care courses
3. Electrical Modalities
4. Laser Therapy
5. Thermal Modalities including Ultrasound
6. Nutritional counselling
7. Acupuncture

Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) is spinal manipulation performed while the patient is under general anesthesia. This procedure is used in the hospital setting for patients whose condition is unresponsive to other forms of treatment.

[edit] See also

• Spinal manipulation - (The generic approach to manipulation of spinal joints.)

[edit] References