Chico Buarque

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Chico Buarque
Chico Buarque performs in 2007
Chico Buarque performs in 2007
Background information
Birth name Francisco Buarque de Hollanda
Also known as Chico Buarque
Born June 19, 1944 (1944-06-19) (age 63)
Origin Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Occupation(s) Singer, songwriter, writer, Poet, playwright
Instrument(s) Voice, guitar
Years active 1962–present
Website http://chicobuarque.uol.com.br

Francisco Buarque de Hollanda (born June 19, 1944 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), popularly known as Chico Buarque, is a singer, guitarist, composer, dramatist, and writer. He is best known for his music, however, which often comments on Brazil's social, economic and cultural reality.

The son of an academic, Buarque wrote and studied literature as a child and came to music through the bossa nova compositions of João Gilberto. He lived in several locations throughout his childhood, though mostly in São Paulo and Italy. He performed music throughout the 1960s as well as writing a play that was deemed dangerous by the Brazilian military dictatorship of the time. Buarque, along with several of his fellow musicians, including Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil, were threatened by the government and eventually left Brazil in 1970. Buarque moved back to Italy, Veloso and Gil to London. He came back to Brazil in 1971, a year before the others, and continued to record albums, perform, and write, though much of his material was not allowed by government censors. He released several more albums in the 1980s and published three novels in the 1990s and 2000s, all of which were acclaimed critically.

Contents

[edit] Biography

Buarque came from a privileged, intellectual family background—his father Sérgio Buarque de Holanda was a well-known historian and sociologist. As a child, he was impressed by the musical style of bossa nova, specifically the work of João Gilberto. He was also interested in writing, composing his first short story at 18 years old[1] and studying European literature, also at a young age.[2] One of his most consuming interests, however, was playing soccer, beginning at age four, which he still does today.[2] Though he was born in Rio de Janeiro, Buarque spent much of his childhood in São Paulo and Italy. He decided at one point to study architecture at the University of São Paulo, but this choice did not lead to a career in architecture; indeed, Buarque often skipped class during his tenure at the University.[3]

He made his public debut as musician and composer in 1964, rapidly building his reputation at music festivals and television variety shows when bossa nova rhythm came to light and Nara Leão, recorded three of his songs.[3] His eponymous debut album exemplified his future work, with catchy sambas characterized by inventive wordplay and an undercurrent of nostalgic tragedy. Buarque had his first hit with "A Banda" in 1966, written about a marching band, and soon released several more singles.[2] Although playing bossa nova, during his career, samba and Música Popular Brasileira would also be widely explored. Buarque was criticized by two of the leading musicians at the time—Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil—as they believed his musical style was overly conservative.[3] However, an existentially themed play that Buarque wrote and composed in 1968, Roda Vida ("Wheel of Life"), was frowned upon by the government and Buarque served a short prison sentence because of it.[3] He left Brazil for Italy for 18 months in 1970, returning to write his first novel in 1972, which was not targeted by censors.[1]

At this time his thinly-veiled protest single "Apesar de Você"[4] (English: "Despite you") was overlooked by the military censors, becoming an important anthem in the democratic movement. After selling over 100,000 copies, the single was eventually censored and removed from the market. At one point in 1974, the censors banned any song authored by Chico Buarque. He created an pseudonym; naming himself "Julinho de Adelaide", complete with life history and interviews to newspapers. "Julinho de Adelaide" authored songs such as "Jorge Maravilha" and "Acorda amor" before he was outed in a Jornal do Brasil news story.[5] Buarque also wrote a play named Calabar, about the Dutch invasion of Brazil in the seventeenth century, drawing parallels with the military regime.[6] Despite the censorship, songs such as "Samba de Orly" (1970), "Acorda amor" (1974, as "Julinho da Adelaide"), and "Vai Passar" (1983) manifested Buarque's continuing opposition to the military regime. During the 1970s and 1980s, he collaborated with filmmakers, playwrights, and musicians in further protest works against the dictatorship. Buarque approached the 1983 Concert for Peace in Nicaragua as a valid forum to vocalize his strong political views. Throughout the decade, he crafted many of his songs as vehicles to describe the re-democratization of Brazil. The Concert for Peace in Nicaragua was one in concert series known as the Central American Peace Concerts. These concerts featured various Latin American artists. The political turmoil that plagued this era were expressed in many of Buarque's songs.[7][8] He later wrote Budapeste, a novel that achieved critical national acclaim and won the Prêmio Jabuti,[9] a Brazilian literary award comparable to the Man Booker Prize.

[edit] "Cálice"

During Brazil's military coup d'état of 1964, Buarque wrote about the events which transpired and avoided censorship by using cryptic analogies and wordplay. For example, in the song "Cálice" (English: "Goblet", "Chalice", "Cup" as used by Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane) he takes advantage of the homophony between the Portuguese words for "shut up" (cale-se) and "goblet" (cálice) to disguise criticism of censorship and oppression as a Bible story:

Lyrics (in Portuguese)

Pai, afasta de mim esse cálice
De vinho tinto de sangue.
Como beber dessa bebida amarga
Tragar a dor, engolir a labuta.
Mesmo calada a boca, resta o peito
Silêncio na cidade não se escuta.
De que me vale ser filho da santa
Melhor seria ser filho da outra
Outra realidade menos morta
Tanta mentira, tanta força bruta.

Translation

Father, take from me this cup
of wine tinted red with blood.
How can I drink this bitter drink
Inhale the pain, swallow the drudgery.
Even if the mouth is shut, the heart still remains
Silence isn't heard in the city.
What good is it to me be a son of the saint
Better to be a son of the other
Another reality less dead
So many lies, so much brute force.

[edit] Some translated lyrics

O Meu amor

O meu amor tem um jeito manso que é só seu
E que me deixa louca quando me beija a boca
A minha pele toda fica arrepiada
E me beija com calma e fundo
Até minh'alma se sentir beijada

O meu amor tem um jeito manso que é só seu
Que rouba os meus sentidos, viola os meus ouvidos
Com tantos segredos lindos e indecentes
Depois brinca comigo, ri do meu umbigo
E me crava os dentes

Eu sou sua menina, viu? E ele é o meu rapaz
Meu corpo é testemunha do bem que ele me faz

O meu amor tem um jeito manso que é só seu
Que me deixa maluca, quando me roça a nuca
E quase me machuca com a barba mal feita
E de pousar as coxas entre as minhas coxas
Quando ele se deita

O meu amor tem um jeito manso que é só seu
De me fazer rodeios, de me beijar os seios
Me beijar o ventre e me deixar em brasa
Desfruta do meu corpo como se o meu corpo
Fosse a sua casa

Eu sou sua menina, viu? E ele é o meu rapaz
Meu corpo é testemunha do bem que ele me faz.

My Love

My love has a meek way which’s only his
And which drives me crazy When kisses me the mouth
My very skin gets ruffled
And kisses me gently and deep
Until my soul feels kissed

My love has a meek way which’s only his
which steals away my senses, violates my ears
With so many pretty and indecent secrets
Then, he plays with me, laughs at my navel
And thrusts me the teeth

I am his girl, see? And he is my youngman
My body is witness to the welfare he does me

My love has a meek way which’s only his
And which drives me nuts When scratches me the nape
And almost hurts me with the badly shaved beard
And of resting the thighs between my thighs
When he lies down

My love has a meek way which’s only his
Of making me roundups, of kissing me the breasts
Of kissing me the womb, of leaving me as a live coal
Delighting himself with my body
As if my body was his house

I am his girl, see? And he is my youngman
My body is witness to the welfare he does me.


Atrás da porta

Quando olhaste bem nos olhos meus
E o teu olhar era de adeus
Juro que não acreditei, eu te estranhei
Me debrucei sobre teu corpo e duvidei
E me arrastei e te arranhei
E me agarrei nos teus cabelos
Nos teus pêlos, teu pijama
Nos teus pés ao pé da cama
Sem carinho, sem coberta
No tapete atrás da porta
Reclamei baixinho
Dei pra maldizer o nosso lar
Pra sujar teu nome, te humilhar
E me vingar a qualquer preço
Te adorando pelo avesso
Pra mostrar que ainda sou tua
Só pra provar aque ainda sou tua

Behind the door

When you’ve looked straight into my eyes
And your look was a goodbye one
I swear I didn´t believe, I thought you strange,
I leaned over your body and I doubted
And I groveled, and scratched you
And I grasped in your hair
In your piles, your pajama
In your feet, at the bed’s feet
With no caress, with no blanket
In the rug behind the door
And I complained stealthily
I started to slander our home
To blemish your name, to humiliate you
And get even at any price
Adoring you inside out
To show I am still yours
Just to prove I am still yours

[edit] Discography

  • 1966: Chico Buarque de Hollanda (Vol. 1)
  • 1966: Morte e Vida Severina
  • 1967: Chico Buarque de Hollanda (Vol. 2)
  • 1968: Chico Buarque de Hollanda (Vol. 3)
  • 1969: Umas e outras - compacto
  • 1969: Chico Buarque na Itália
  • 1970: Apesar de você
  • 1970: Per un pugno di samba
  • 1970: Chico Buarque de Hollanda (Vol. 4)
  • 1971: Construção
  • 1972: Quando o carnaval chegar
  • 1972: Caetano e Chico juntos e ao vivo
  • 1973: Chico canta
  • 1974: Sinal fechado
  • 1975: Chico Buarque & Maria Bethânia ao vivo
  • 1976: Meus caros amigos
  • 1977: Cio da Terra compacto
  • 1977: Os saltimbancos
  • 1977: Gota d'água
  • 1978: Chico Buarque (Samambaia)
  • 1979: Ópera do Malandro
  • 1980: Vida
  • 1980: Show 1º de Maio compacto
  • 1981: Almanaque
  • 1981: Saltimbancos trapalhões
  • 1982: Chico Buarque en espanhol
  • 1983: Para viver um grande amor
  • 1983: O grande circo místico
  • 1984: Chico Buarque (Vermelho)
  • 1985: O Corsário do rei
  • 1985: Ópera do malandro
  • 1985: Malandro
  • 1986: Melhores momentos de Chico & Caetano
  • 1987: Francisco
  • 1988: Dança da meia-lua
  • 1989: Chico Buarque
  • 1990: Chico Buarque ao vivo Paris le Zenith
  • 1993: Para Todos
  • 1995: Uma palavra
  • 1997: Terra
  • 1998: As cidades
  • 1998: Chico Buarque da Mangueira
  • 1999: Chico ao vivo
  • 2001: Chico e as cidades (DVD)
  • 2001: Cambaio
  • 2002: Chico Buarque – Duetos
  • 2003: Chico ou o país da delicadeza perdida (DVD)
  • 2005: Meu Caro Amigo (DVD)
  • 2005: A Flor da Pele (DVD)
  • 2005: Vai passar (DVD)
  • 2005: Anos Dourados (DVD)
  • 2005: Estação Derradeira (DVD)
  • 2005: Bastidores (DVD)
  • 2006: O Futebol (DVD)
  • 2006: Romance (DVD)
  • 2006: Uma Palavra (DVD)
  • 2006: Carioca (CD + DVD with the documentary Desconstrução)
  • 2007: Carioca Ao Vivo

[edit] Other works

Books
  • 1966: A Banda (Songbook)
  • 1974: Fazenda Modelo
  • 1979: Chapeuzinho Amarelo
  • 1981: À Bordo do Rui Barbosa
  • 1991: Estorvo
  • 1995: Benjamin
  • 2003: Budapest
Plays
  • 1967/8: Roda Viva
  • 1973: Calabar (coauthored with Ruy Guerra)
  • 1975: Gota d'água
  • 1978: Ópera do Malandro (based on John Gay's Beggar's Opera and Bertold Brecht's Threepenny Opera)
  • 1983: O Grande Circo Místico
Film
  • 1972: Quando o carnaval chegar (coauthor)
  • 1983: Para viver um grande amor (coauthor)
  • 1985: Ópera do Malandro

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Hunt, Jemima. "The lionised king of Rio", The Observer, Guardian Media Group, 2004-07-18. Retrieved on 2008-03-24. 
  2. ^ a b c de Haan, Maarten (August 2006). Chico Buarque. Artist Interviews. Retrieved on 2008-03-24.
  3. ^ a b c d Dougan, John. Biography. allmusic. All Media Guide. Retrieved on 2008-03-23.
  4. ^ de Sousa, Dolores Puga Alves (October/November/December 2004). "Os Sessenta Anos de um Artista: "Chico Buarque do Brazil", Organização de Rinaldo de Fernandes" (in Portuguese). Fênix: Revista de História e Estudos Culturais 1 (1). ISSN 1807-6971. 
  5. ^ Motta, Nelson (2000). Noites Tropicais - Solos, Improvisos e Memórias Musicais (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Editora Objetiva. ISBN 85-7302-292-2. 
  6. ^ Martins, Christian Alves (July/August/September 2007). "Tempos de Intolerância: Chico conta Calabar" (in Portuguese). Fênix: Revista de História e Estudos Culturais 4 (3). ISSN 1807-6971. 
  7. ^ Béhague, Gerard (Spring/Summer 2006). "Rap, Reggae, Rock, or Samba: The Local and the Global in Brazilian Popular Music (1985–95)". Latin American Music Review 27 (1): pp. 79–90. 
  8. ^ Gonzalez, Mike (May 1987). "April in Managua: The Central American Peace Concert". Popular Music 6 (2): 247–249. 
  9. ^ "Chico Buarque ganha Prêmio Jabuti com Budapeste", O Globo, Câmara Brasileira do Livro, 2004-09-10. Retrieved on 2008-03-23. (Portuguese) 

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Persondata
NAME Buarque, Chico
ALTERNATIVE NAMES de Hollanda, Francisco Buarque
SHORT DESCRIPTION Singer, composer, dramatist, writer
DATE OF BIRTH June 19, 1944
PLACE OF BIRTH Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH