Chernihiv Musical Instrument Factory
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The Chernihiv musical instruments factory named in honour of Pavel Postyshev.
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[edit] History
The Chernihiv musical instruments factory was opened in 1933. Initially it made pianos, balalaikas, mandolins, guitars and domras. There is evidence that 5 banduras were made there before the war by Mykhailo Yerchenko in the late 1930s. These instruments were probably diatonic Kharkiv style banduras. In time more instruments were made at the factory by Mykola Martynchuk.
In 1950 the factory began to manufacture banduras, initially using the construction plans of Chernihiv bandura maker - Olexander Kornievsky. This series of insttuments were made until 1954 by maker Ivan Hladlin. Hladlin worked with makers Oleksander Shulaikovsky, Mykola Martynchuk and Oleksiy Kilochytsky.
In 1954 the factory began to making banduras designed by Ivan Skliar.
The Skliar bandura design was agreed upon in 1952. In 1953 the factory began to manufacture 100 banduras a month. This instrument had no mechanism and was based on a design drawn out by bandurist Opanas Slastion.
Up until that thime a special workshop for the manufacture of banduras existed in Kyiv. This workshop was initially set up by Hryhory Paliyevetz and then directed by Tuzychenko. After the war it was taken over by Ivan Skliar and primarily made instruments for the Kyiv Bandurist Capella and associated bandurist ensembles. Because the makers were experienced bandura makers and the conditions in Chernihiv at the factory were much better for the drying, storage of materials it was decided that all of these craftsmen would move to Chernihiv. A special workshop was established at the factory for these craftsmen. In 1955 the first concert banduras with mechanism were made. Initially some 10 concert banduras were made a year, and special permission was required from the Ministry of Culture in order to obtain such a bandura.
Although Skliar made the greatest contribution to developing the Kyiv style bandura made at the Chernihiv factory instrument, other craftsmen left their impact as well.. The method of placing a colored decoration raound the side of the bandura was seveloped by Oleksy Kilotsky. The unique one sided head was suggested in the early 1960s by bandurist Andry Omelchenko. The Taras Shevchenko bas-relief was designed by D. Vasiliev.
In the late 1960s the first orders for banduras arrived from North America. In order to gain access to hard currency funds the factory began to manufacture instruments for export. This became a very positive factor in the development of the bandura.
The Kyiv experimental workshop which moved to Chernihiv also made orchestral instruments. They also made tsymbaly also designed by Ivan Skliar with the help of Oleksander Nezovybat'ko. The makers in the workshop making the concert instruments were allowed to sign their names to the instruments. They were [[Oleksander Shulkovsky, Oleksy KIlotsky, Mykola Yeshchenko, Sofia Zolotar. The head of the experimental workshop was Oleksander Shlionchyk,
In 1967 the factory began work on manufacturing Skliar's latest creation - the Kyiv-Kharkiv bandura. All together they made 8 instruments without mechanism. Unfortunately due to the untimely death of Ivan Skliar in 1970, the manufacturing process for the instrument was not perfected and it was dropped from further production.
Up until 1978 the factory has made 26000 pianos, 110,000 balalaikas and guitars using over 3,4000 cubic meters of wood. The manufacturing of banduras has used 500 cubic meters of willow. Approximately 30,000 banduras had been made by 1991.
The use of willow in bandura backs and bodies has cause great problems for the factory as this is not a commercial wood. Keeping in mind that it takes a willow 20-30 years to grow to the size that it can be used, a substitute had to be found. In the 1970s the factory began making instruments whose backs were made of poplar. This meant that the instruments did not have as nice a tone as the previously made instruments . They were somewhat heavier because poplar had a tendency to easily split.
Only the concert banduras continued to use willow for instrument backs when it was available.
The experimental workshop manufacture 200 concert banduras a year. Each maker made 1.5-2 instruments a month. These instruments were better finished and were made of better material. In the 1980s there were 10-12 makers. Today there is only one master craftsmane - Petrenko.
[edit] Current situation
In the period of economic restructuring the factory has shrunk from 1600 workers to 68. It no longer manufactures musical instruments but has now rearranged its affairs to manufacture coffins for an Italian firm. The production of pianos is also under question. Some authorities feel that Ukraine does not need a piano manufacturing facility.
The manufacturing of banduras has ground to a standstill. Apparently there are still 2 makers in Chernihiv who still make banduras in their own homes and charge $850 US (1999) per instrument.
In 2007 the price of a Kyiv concert bandura from the factory is currently $2000 US.
More disturbing is that all the banduras in the museum collection at the factory have been stolen. Some of the instruments were truly unique. Some have surfaced for sale at an asking price of $6000.
[edit] Bandura models
The following are the most common banduras made by the Chernihiv factory with their 1988 price in roubles in order to compare the instruments.
- Children's bandura (48 R)
- Prima Chernihiv bandura (86 R)
- Concert Chernihiv bandura (220 R)
- Hand made Concert Chernihiv bandura (350-420 R)
- Hand made Concert Chernihiv bandura with Shevchenko Bar relief. (450-550 R)
[edit] Sources
- Deko, O - Majstry charivnykh zvukiv - Muz. Ukr 1968
- Deko, O - Majstry charivnykh zvukiv - Muz. Ukr 1984, - Second edition
