Chayote

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Chayote
Chouchous on sale in Réunion Island
Chouchous on sale in Réunion Island
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Violales
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Genus: Sechium
Species: S. edule
Binomial name
Sechium edule
(Jacq.) Swartz, 1800

The chayote (Sechium edule), also known as choko, chocho, chow-chow, christophine or merliton, is an edible plant that belongs to the gourd family Cucurbitaceae along with melons, cucumbers and squash.

The plant has large leaves that form a canopy over the fruit. The vine is grown on the ground or more commonly on trellises.

Costa Rica is a major exporter of Chayotes world-wide. Costa Rican chayotes can be purchased in the European Union, the United States and other places in the world. Chayote is a very important ingredient in the Mexican diet. Veracruz state is the most important Chayote growing area of the whole country, and is also a major exporter of this product, mainly to the United States.

Contents

[edit] Taxonomy

The plant was first recorded by modern botantists in P.Browne's 1756 work.[1] In 1763 it was classified by Jacquin as Sicyos edulus and by Adanson as Chocho edulus. Swartz included it in 1800 in its current genus Sechium.

[edit] Description

Chayote inside
Chayote inside

In the most common variety, the fruit is roughly pear shaped, somewhat flattened and with coarse wrinkles, ranging from 10 to 20 cm in length. It has a thin green skin fused with the white flesh, and a single large flattened pip. The flesh has a fairly bland taste, and a texture described as a cross between a potato and a cucumber. Although generally discarded, the seed has a nutty flavour and may be eaten as part of the fruit.

[edit] Culinary and medicinal uses

Ichintal (Chayote Root)
Ichintal (Chayote Root)

Although most people are familiar only with the fruit, the root, stem, seeds, and leaves are all edible.

The fruit does not need to be peeled and can be eaten raw in salads. It can also be boiled, stuffed, mashed, baked, fried, or pickled. Both the fruit and the seed are rich in amino acids and vitamin C.

The tuberous part of the root is starchy and is both eaten by humans and used as cattle fodder.

The leaves and fruit have diuretic, cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory properties, and a tea made from the leaves has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerosis and hypertension, and to dissolve kidney stones.

A dish made with chayote shoots
A dish made with chayote shoots

In Taiwan, chayotes are widely planted for its shoot, known as lóng xü cài (Tr. Ch. 龍鬚菜, lit. Dragon-whisker vegetable). Along with the young leaves, the shoot is a commonly consumed fruit in the region.

[edit] Myths

  • In Australia, where it is called choko, a rumour has floated around for years that McDonalds Apple Pies were made of chokos, not apples. This eventually led them to emphasise the fact that real Granny Smith apples are used in their pies. Chokos are more expensive than the apples supplied to McDonalds Australia.[citation needed]
  • Due to its cell-regenerative properties, it is believed as an urban myth that this fruit caused the mummification of people from Colombian town of San Bernardo who extensively consumed it. The very well preserved skin and flesh can be seen in the mummies today.[citation needed]

[edit] Alternative names

 This article or section contains only non-IPA pronunciation information which should be expanded with the International Phonetic Alphabet.
For assistance, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation).

Chayote (pronounced [tʃa'jɔte], roughly "cha-YO-teh"), is the Spanish name of the plant, from Nahuatl hitzayotli (pronounced "eetsa-yo-tlee"). It is used in many parts of Spanish-speaking Latin America and in the US. World-wide, it is known by many other names:

[edit] Africa

[edit] Americas

  • Brazil: chuchu
  • Belize: "cho-cho"
  • English Caribbean: christoferine, christophene, cho-cho
  • Colombia: Guatila (Cundinamarca) or Cidra (Caldas). Another popular and vulgar name is papa de los pobres (Spanish for 'poor man's potato')
  • Dominican Republic and Nicaragua: tayota [ta'jɔta] or "chayote"
  • French Antilles: christophene, christophine
  • Guatemala-El Salvador-Honduras: The dark green variety is labeled güisquil, the yellowish-white variety perulero and the more common light-green variety pataste.
    Perulero (yelowish-white variety)
    Perulero (yelowish-white variety)
  • Haiti: ¨"militon"
  • Jamaica: "chocho"
  • Latin America: gayota
  • Louisiana (Cajun, Creole, English): mirliton (sometimes spelled merliton) but pronounced in New Orleans and surrounding parishes as "mel-a-tawn"
  • Paraguay: Papa del aire
  • Puerto Rico: "chayote"

[edit] Asia

  • China (Cantonese): 佛手瓜 fut sao gwa (lit. Buddha hand melon), 合掌瓜 hup jeung gwa (lit. closed palms squash)
  • China (Mandarin): 佛手瓜 (lit. "Buddha hand squash")
  • India (Kannada): Seemae BaDhneKayi
  • India (Tamil): Bangalore Katharikai or "Chow Chow"
  • India (Darjeeling): Ishkus
  • India (Manipur): DasGoos
  • Indonesia: labu siam (lit. Siamese pumpkin), jipang or waluh
  • Japan: hayatouri (ハヤトウリ)
  • Malaysian: English cucumber
  • Myanmar: gorakha thee (lit. Gurkha fruit)
  • Philippines: sayote
  • Thailand: fuk maew ฟักแม้ว
  • Vietnamese: su-su, trai su

[edit] Europe

[edit] Oceania

[edit] Other places

  • English-speaking countries: chouchou, chocho, cho-cho, mango squash, vegetable pear
  • Jamaica: Chow Chow

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
  1. ^ Browne, Patrick (1756), Civil and Natural History of Jamaica, <http://www.brunias.com/bookinfo.html#ref341>. Retrieved on 2007-03-19

[edit] References

  • Rafael Lira Saade. 1996. Chayote Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 8. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. ISBN 92-9043-298-5 available in pdf format