Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya
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Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya (1914-1995) (Hindi:चौधरी कुम्भाराम आर्य)was a freedom fighter, parliamentarian and popular leader of farmers in Rajasthan, India. He was born at village Khaira-Chhota of princely state Patiala on 10 May 1914 in a Jat Hindu family of Sunda gotra. His father's name was Bhairaram and mother's name was Jivani. His family migrated to village Saudanpur and finally to village Fefana of Nohar Tehsil of princely state Bikaner.
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[edit] Early political movements
Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya got primary education at village school Fefana and joined Forest department Hanumangarh at the age of 14 years. Arya Samaj was spreading its activities in rural areas in those days. Brahmanical dominance and untouchability prevalent in the society forced him to follow the principles of Arya Samaj. He became strong follower of Swami Dayananda. He took part in the Lahore Congress Adhiveshan in 1930, due to which he was removed from service of Forest department. Later on he joined Police department . He came in contact with two politicians of democratic thinking namely Mukta Prasad Vakil and Raghuvar Dayal Goyal. With their help he founded a political organization “Praja Parishad”. He resigned from police service to support the freedom movement started by Mahatma Gandhi. He became active in politics and started taking part in political movements. He took part in “Akhil Bharatiy Deshi Rajya Parishad Adhiveshan” in 1945.
[edit] Reformist moves for farmers
Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya united farmers of princely state Bikaner against the exploitation by Jagirdars. He was arrested by the ruler of Bikaner and imprisoned till independence. The Jagirdars in Bikaner state were exploiting farmers. Before independence the state of Rajasthan was a union composed of several princely states of Rajputana, which came into existence on 30 March 1949. The farmers were tenants of the land and their condition was deplorable under the exploitation of landlords called Jagirdars, Zamindars and Bishwedars etc. The tenant had no right over the land cultivated by him. He was only the tiller of the soil, but was under the whimsical mercy of those landlords. But the farmers as a class were awakening in Bikaner state under the leadership of Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya and there was turmoil of the tiller demanding, “Land to tiller”. This hostile state of affairs led the newly formed state government to take immediate steps to reconcile the situation. The pressure of protection of the tenants was so immense that the government had to take immediate steps and with this aim “The Rajasthan Protection of Tenants Ordinance, 1949” was promulgated to meet the burning need of the time. The Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952 was the landmark in the legal history of land reforms in Rajasthan. The pressure of farmers united under the leadership of Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya forced the state government to promulgate The Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 which became applicable to the whole of Rajasthan. The overriding effect of this Act provided relief to the existing tenants and the rights accrued to tenants accordingly. He also amended the rules of felling trees in favour of farmers. Farmers were not allowed to fell trees from his land. This caused great difficulty. It was he who pressurized the state government to amend the rules and permit the farmer to fell trees from land of his ownership for his own use.
[edit] Panchayat Raj and cooperative movement
The first popular government in Rajasthan was formed in 1949 under the leadership of Hiralal Shastri. A new government was formed in 1951 under the leadership of Jaynarayan Vyas. Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya was made home minister in it. Later on in Mohanlal Sukharia government in 1954 and in 1964 also he was made twice health minister. He formed Panchayat Raj Federation of which he was chairman from 1957-1958. He is the founder member of Panchayat Raj in Rajasthan. The rules of Panchayat Raj of Rajasthan are considered to be ideal ones in the country. He was member of Rajya Sabha from 1960-1964. In 1966 he resigned from the Congress government and formed a new political party “Janata Party”. In 1968 he was elected to Rajya Sabha and was member of Rajya Sabha from 1968-1974. He was Member of Parliament elected from Sikar (1980-1984) from Lok Dal Party.
Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya formed Kisan Union in the interest of farmers in 1974. He believed that the key to success of rural development was in Panchayat Raj and Cooperative movement. He was founder of cooperative movement in Rajasthan. He was Chairman of Rajasthan Apex Cooperative bank. He was Chairman of Rajasthan Marketing Federation “RAJFED”. He was Chairman of Rajasthan Cooperative Federation. His role in cooperative movement in Rajasthan was unparallel.
[edit] Radical thinker
Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya was a great social reformer and a radical thinker. His ideology was not based on traditions. He was strong follower of Arya Samaj. He tried all his life to remove social evils from the society. He opposed untouchability. His butler was a Harijan by caste. His bodyguard was a Rajput. He arranged marriage of his Rajput bodyguard with a Muslim woman after adopting her as a sister. He was author of two books namely “Kisan Union Kyon” and “Varg Chetana”. He started a weekly magazine “Kisan” in Hindi in 1978. He started number of schools and hostels for girls in Bikaner region. He served for about 50 years in various capacities starting from Lok Parishad, National Congress, Janata Party, Bhartiy Krantidal, Bhartiy Lokdal and Janata Party with the interest of a common man in mind. He died on 26 October 1995.
[edit] References
- Jat Samaj, Agra, October-November 1996
