Charles Bukowski

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Charles Bukowski

Born August 16, 1920(1920-08-16)
Andernach, Germany
Died March 9, 1994 (aged 73)
San Pedro, California, USA
Occupation Novelist, Poet
Nationality German
Literary movement Transgressional fiction
Influences
Influenced

Henry Charles Bukowski (August 16, 1920 – March 9, 1994) was an influential American poet and novelist. Bukowski's writing was heavily influenced by the geography and atmosphere of his home city of Los Angeles. He is often mentioned as an influence by contemporary authors, and his style is frequently imitated. A prolific author, Bukowski wrote thousands of poems, hundreds of short stories, and six novels, eventually having more than fifty books in print. He is often remembered as "The Poet Laureate of Skid Row."

Contents

[edit] Life

[edit] Early years

Charles Bukowski was born in Andernach, Germany, in 1920 as Heinrich Karl Bukowski. His mother Katharina Fett, a native German, met his father, a German-American serviceman, after the end of World War I. Bukowski's parents were Catholic and raised him in the Church.[1] He was fond of claiming that he had been born out of wedlock, but Andernach records show that his parents were in fact married a month prior to his birth.[2]

After the collapse of the German economy following the First World War, the family moved to America in 1923, settling in Baltimore, Maryland. To sound more American, Bukowski's parents began calling him "Henry" and altered the pronunciation of the family name from Buk-ov-ski to Buk-cow-ski (the name is of Polish origin). After saving money, the family moved to suburban Los Angeles in 1926, where his father's family lived.[2] During Bukowski's childhood, his father was often unemployed, and according to Bukowski, verbally and physically abusive (as detailed in his autobiographical novel, Ham on Rye). During his youth Bukowski suffered from shyness - at some point he developed an extreme case of acne[3], which perhaps furthered his tendency of shyness.

After graduating from Los Angeles High School, Bukowski attended Los Angeles City College for two years, taking courses in art, journalism and literature. While studying there, he briefly associated with a group of Nazis, whom he humorously derided in Ham on Rye.[1] He also discussed his flirtation with the Far Right in the short story "Politics" from the collection South of No North: "At L.A City College just before World War 2, I posed as a Nazi. I hardly knew Hitler from Hercules and cared less. It was just that sitting in class and hearing all the patriots preach how we should go over and do the beast in, I grew bored. I decided to become the opposition. I didn't even bother to read up on Adolf, I simply spouted anything that I felt was evil or maniacal." [4]

On July 22, 1944, with World War II still raging, Bukowski was arrested by FBI agents in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (where he was living at the time) on suspicion of draft evasion and was held for 17 days in Philadelphia's Moyamensing Prison.

On August 7 of the same year he failed a physical and psychological exam and was deemed unfit for military service. [5]

[edit] Early writing

At 24, Bukowski's short story "Aftermath of a Lengthy Rejection Slip" was published in Story magazine. Two years later, another short story, "20 Tanks From Kasseldown", was published in Portfolio III's broadside collection. Bukowski grew disillusioned with the publication process and quit writing for almost a decade. During part of this period he went on living in Los Angeles, but also spent some time roaming around the United States, working odd jobs and staying in cheap rooming houses.[1] In the early 1950s Bukowski took a job as a letter carrier with the U.S. Postal Service in Los Angeles, but resigned just before three years service.

In 1955 he was hospitalized with a bleeding ulcer which was nearly fatal. When he left the hospital, he began to write poetry.[1] In 1957, he married writer and poet Barbara Frye, but they divorced in 1959. Frye insisted that their separation had nothing to do with literature, though she often doubted his skill as a poet.[citation needed] Following the divorce, Bukowski resumed drinking and continued to write poetry.[1]

[edit] 1960s

By 1960 he had returned to the post office in Los Angeles, where he continued to work as a letter filing clerk for over a decade. In 1964, a daughter, Marina Louise Bukowski, was born to Bukowski and his then live-in girlfriend Frances Smith.

The Webbs published The Outsider literary magazine and featured some of Bukowski's poetry. Under the Loujon Press, they published Bukowski's It Catches My Heart In Its Hands (1963), and Crucifix in a Deathhand, in 1965.

Beginning in 1967, Bukowski wrote the column "Notes of A Dirty Old Man" for Los Angeles' Open City underground newspaper, and it also appeared in Charles Plymell's Underground Tabloid The Last Times Vol. 1, No. 1 from the Fall 1967 where it may have been "lifted" from Open City. When Open City was shut down in 1969, the column was picked up by the Los Angeles Free Press. In 1969, Bukowski and his friend Neeli Cherkovski launched their own mimeographed literary magazine, Laugh Literary and Man the Humping Guns. They produced three issues over the next two years.

[edit] Black Sparrow Years

In 1969, he accepted an offer from Black Sparrow Press publisher John Martin and quit his post office job to dedicate himself to full-time writing. He was then 49 years old. As he explained in a letter at the time, "I have one of two choices — stay in the post office and go crazy ... or stay out here and play at writer and starve. I have decided to starve."[6] Less than one month after leaving the postal service, he finished his first novel, Post Office. As a measure of respect for Martin's financial support and faith in a then relatively unknown writer, Bukowski published almost all of his subsequent work with Black Sparrow. In 1976, Bukowski met Linda Lee Beighle, a health food restaurant owner. Two years later, the couple moved from the East Hollywood area, where Bukowski had lived for most of his life, to the harborside community of San Pedro,[7] the southernmost district of the City of Los Angeles. Bukowski and Beighle were married by Manly Palmer Hall in 1985. Linda Lee Beighle is referred to as "Sara" in Bukowski's novels Women and Hollywood.

Bukowski died of leukemia on March 9th, 1994 in San Pedro, California, at the age of 73, shortly after completing his last novel, Pulp. The funeral rites were conducted by Buddhist monks. His gravestone reads: "Don't Try".

[edit] Work

Bukowski published extensively in small literary magazines and with small presses beginning in the early 1940s and continuing on through the early 1990s, with the poems and stories being later republished by Black Sparrow Press (now HarperCollins/ECCO) as collected volumes of his work.

Bukowski acknowledged Anton Chekhov, James Thurber, Franz Kafka, Knut Hamsun, Ernest Hemingway, John Fante, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Robinson Jeffers, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, D. H. Lawrence, Antonin Artaud and others as influences, and often spoke of Los Angeles as his favorite subject. In a 1974 interview he said, "You live in a town all your life, and you get to know every bitch on the street corner and half of them you have already messed around with. You've got the layout of the whole land. You have a picture of where you are. ... Since I was raised in L.A., I've always had the geographical and spiritual feeling of being here. I've had time to learn this city. I can't see any other place than L.A."[6]

One critic has described Bukowski's fiction as a "detailed depiction of a certain taboo male fantasy: the uninhibited bachelor, slobby, anti-social, and utterly free."[8] Since his death in 1994, Bukowski has been the subject of a number of critical articles and books about both his life and writings. Despite the fact that he has become an icon and heroic role model for many of the disaffected, his work has received relatively little attention from academic critics (In the fall of 2008 Plymouth State University is hosting a single author literature class on Bukowski). ECCO continues to release new collections of his poetry, culled from the thousands of works published in small literary magazines. According to ECCO the 2007 release The People Look Like Flowers At Last will be his final posthumous release as now all his once-unpublished work has been published.[9] Bukowski: Born Into This, a film documenting the author's life, was released in 2004.

In June 2006, Bukowski's literary archive was donated by his widow, Linda Lee Bukowski, to the Huntington Library, in San Marino, CA. Copies of all editions of his work published by the Black Sparrow Press are held at Western Michigan University, which purchased the archive of the publishing house after its closure in 2003.

[edit] In popular culture

[edit] Music

Bukowski has been referred to in songs by numerous musicians and bands including X, City and Colour, The Fall, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Tom Waits, Modest Mouse, Anthrax, Apollo 440, Leftover Crack, Bad Radio, Dan Bern, The Boo Radleys, Dan Kelly and the Alpha Males, Chiodos, The Good Life, Jehst, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Sage Francis, Red Hot Chili Peppers, 311, The Beautiful South, Erik Truffaz, James Alan Gourley, Audience of One, The Dogs D'Amour, The Disco Biscuits, St. Vitus Dance, Peachcake, The Jonbenet, Modern Life is War, The Lowest of the Low, MC Lars, Razorlight, Jon Bon Jovi, The Ataris, Jawbreaker, U2, Buck 65, and Johnny Dowd.

Tom Russell's 2005 album Hotwalker drew extensively on his own correspondence with Bukowski, and featured spoken word anecdotes by Little Jack Horner, a friend of Bukowski.

Bukowski is mentioned in a song written by Chris Hickey called "Downtown" from the "fare well" CD by Uma. "...old man on the couch, he looked liked the ghost of Charles Bukowski." The recording also has a sound clip of Bukowski at the beginning saying "alright, alright, you guys, ok..." from Bukowski's "Hostage."

The Portland OR. hardcore punk band POISON IDEA named their 1987 release "WAR ALL THE TIME", after a book of poems by Bukowski.

The band Hot Water Music took its name from a book by Bukowski. The artists Thursday, Senses Fail, Worst Case Scenario, Richard Ashcroft, Juno, The Cult and Amber Pacific have produced albums named after Bukowski's work.

Additionally, Gary McDaniel, former bassist of Black Flag, went by the stage name Chuck Dukowski and Mike Williams, vocalist for the New Orleans band Eyehategod has cited the works of Bukowski as one of the primary influences in his writing.[citation needed]

H.I.M. frontman Ville Valo has a portrait of Bukowski tattooed on his forearm.

[edit] Film and television

Henry Charles Bukowski and his works have been the subject of several films. The earliest is Tales of Ordinary Madness (original title: Storie di ordinaria follia) by Italian director Marco Ferreri and starring Ben Gazzara and Ornella Muti. The movie, which is largely based on some of Bukowski's tales, was not very commercially successful, possibly because of its uncompromising style.

Next came his own autobiographical screenplay for the 1987 film Barfly. In the documentary, Bukowski: Born Into This, he offers his opinion that the Mickey Rourke portrayal of him in Barfly was "misdone". Also released in 1987 was the Belgian movie Crazy love, which in part was based on the short story The copulating mermaid of Venice, California. 2005 saw the release of the movie Factotum starring Matt Dillon; the movie is based on the novel of the same name, which centers on Henry Chinaski, the fictional alter-ego of Bukowski, as he struggles from one job to the next, all the while pursuing his true interests: alcohol, women and writing. This latter film appears to be a second attempt at verisimilitude in depicting a portion of his life even though it makes no pretense of occurring in the appropriate decade. Whereas in Barfly the focus is more on women, drinking and bare-knuckle boxing, in Factotum it is the writing which receives greater emphasis.

The Charles Bukowski Tapes is a 240 minute, 52 chapter collection of interviews directed by and conducted by Barfly director Barbet Schroeder. They were shot in 1985 and released on DVD in 2006.

Bukowski's short story The Suicide was made into an award winning short film in 2006 [10]. The lead role of Marvin Denning was played by Jeff Markey and the female lead, Diana, was played by Kinna McInroe. The film was directed by Jeff Markey.

In February 2007 it was announced that Gabor Csupo will be producing How the Dead Love, an animated film which will use four of Bukowski's short stories. There are rumors that Johnny Depp will voice this film's main character and will also produce the film with Csupo via Depp's production company, Infinitum Nihil.

Bukowski is also mentioned in a scene in the movie Glory Daze, starring Ben Affleck.

Bukowski is made reference to in the television series, Californication, episode 9. Hank's ex-girlfriend, Karen, refers to him as one of her favorite authors, and is later seen in the episode reading one of his books (Sifting Through the Madness for The Word, The Line, The Way: New Poems).

In the 1996 movie 'Swingers' the main character, Mike (Jon Favreau) has a copy of 'Hollywood' on the desk of his LA apartment.

In 2008 two DVDs were released by mondayMEDIA that are of the last two readings Bukowski ever gave, even though he lived for another 16 years. There's Gonna Be a God Damn Riot In Here from 1979 in Vancouver, Canada and The Last Straw from 1980 in Redondo Beach, California.

In season 5 of Beverly Hills 90210, Dylan is given a copy of "The Last Night Of The Earth Poems".

in season one of the uk sitcom 'peepshow' one of the main characters, jez, imagines himself perceived as a modern day bukowski while drinking beer in a supermarket.

[edit] Theater

  • In 1997 the igLoo theatrical group in New York City adapted Pulp to the stage.[11]
  • In 2000 29th Street Repertory, an Off-Off Broadway theater in New York City staged a production called South of No North based on Bukowski's stories from that collection.[11]
  • In March 2006, the Sacred Angel Fist Circle Of Note Gang Theater in Los Angeles staged Bukowsica!, a musical based on the life of Bukowski.

[edit] Miscellaneous

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Henry Chinaski or 'Hank' is the protagonist of five novels by Charles Bukowski, as well as many short stories and poems. He is a consummate anti-hero: a misanthropic alcoholic who drifts from job to job and woman to woman. He is also an autobiographical character; like Bukowski, Chinaski grows up poor and has liaisons with mostly older women and spends many years in a post office job he hates.

A pair of taverns bearing his name opened in Boston and Cambridge, Massachusetts, some three years after his death, decorated in paintings and quotations from Bukowski and others. It hosts a Dead Author's Club of mugs engraved with a patron's favorite dead author. At least two other bars are known to have opened in his name: 'Bukowski's' was a successful bar in Vancouver, BC, in the Commercial Drive area for years before being sold. Many have argued that Bukowski would have liked the one on Commercial Drive most of all. There was also a bohemian-style dive bar in Sheffield, England named "Bukowski's", which closed a few years ago and is now a Thai restaurant. Another tavern bearing his name is located in the Malasaña zone of Madrid, Spain. Another successful bar named after Bukowski opened in Tel-Aviv, Israel in 2005, and has been a night-life attraction ever since. There is also a bar bearing his name in La Plata, Argentina and a bar in Glasgow, Scotland named Chinaski`s, in honour of his autobiographical character.

Ohad Naharin's Decadence includes an excerpt from George and Zalman (2006), in which five women repeat phrases of movement that coincide with the recording of a woman’s voice flatly reciting Bukowski's "making it" from Mockingbird Wish Me Luck, which is also repeated with accumulated instructions: “Ignore all possible concepts and possibilities. Ignore Beethoven. The spider. The Damnation of Faust. Just make it, babe. Make it…” Although the dancers repeat the same movement throughout this excerpt, they change formations and each have solos while the others stand in the background.

On May 30, 2008, Thomas Friedman, the popular New York Times columnist who has sold millions of books covering American foreign policy, read the last chapter of his new book "Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution, and How It can Renew America" (due to be released In August of 2008) to a book expos audience on the CSPAN cable network. Bukowski and his book of poems "What Matters Most is How Well You Walk Through The Fire" is mentioned in the last chapter of Friedman's new book, as read aloud by Friedman to the audience.

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] 1960s

  • Flower, Fist and Bestial Wail (1960)
  • Poems and Drawings (1962)
  • Longshot Pomes for Broke Players (1962)
  • Run with the Hunted (1962)
  • It Catches My Heart in Its Hand (1963)
  • Grip the walls (1964)
  • Cold Dogs in the Courtyard (1965)
  • Confessions of a Man Insane Enough to Live with Beasts (1965)
  • Crucifix in a Deathhand (1965)
  • All the Assholes in the World and Mine (1966)
  • The Genius of the Crowd (1966)
  • Night's work (1966)
  • The Most Beautiful Woman in Town & Other Stories (1967)
  • At Terror Street and Agony Way (1968)
  • Poems Written Before Jumping out of an 8 Story Window (1968)
  • A Bukowski Sampler (1969)
  • Days Run Away Like Wild Horses Over the Hills (1969)
  • If we take -- (1969)
  • Notes of a Dirty Old Man (1969)

[edit] 1970s

  • Another Academy (1970)
  • Fire Station (1970)
  • Post Office (1971) ISBN 0-87685-087-5
  • Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions and General Tales of Ordinary Madness (1972)
  • Me and your sometimes love poems (1972)
  • Mockingbird, Wish Me Luck (1972)
  • South of No North (1973)
  • Burning in Water Drowning in Flame: Selected Poems 1955-1973 (1974)
  • 55 beds in the same direction (1974)
  • Factotum (1975)
  • The Last Poem & Tough Company (1976)
  • Scarlet (1976)
  • Art (1977)
  • Love is a Dog from Hell Poems 1974-1977 (1977)
  • Legs, Hips and Behind (1978)
  • Women (1978)
  • You Kissed Lilly (1978)
  • A Love Poem (1979)
  • Play the Piano Drunk Like a Percussion Instrument Until the Fingers Begin to Bleed a Bit (1979)
  • Shakespeare Never Did This (1979)

[edit] 1980s

  • Dangling in the Tournefortia (1981)
  • Ham On Rye (1982)
  • Horsemeat (1982)
  • The Last Generation (1982)
  • Bring Me Your Love (illustrated by Robert Crumb) (1983) ISBN 0-87685-606-7
  • The Bukowski/Purdy Letters (1983)
  • Hot Water Music (1983)
  • Sparks (1983)
  • Going Modern (1984)
  • Horses Don't Bet on People and Neither Do I (1984)
  • One For The Old Boy (1984)
  • There's No Business (illustrated by Robert Crumb) (1984)
  • War All the Time: Poems 1981-1984 (1984)
  • Hostage by Bukowski Audio Book read by Bukowski in front of live audience in 1980 released (1985) ISBN 1-56826-426-7
  • Alone In A Time Of Armies (1985)
  • The Day it Snowed in L.A. (1986)
  • Gold In Your Eye (1986)
  • Relentless As The Tarantula (1986)
  • The Wedding (1986)
  • You Get So Alone at Times It Just Makes Sense (1986)
  • Luck (1987)
  • Barfly (film) (1987)
  • Beauti-Ful (1988)
  • The Movie Critics (1988)
  • Roominghouse Madrigals: Early Selected Poems 1946-1966 (1988)
  • Hollywood (1989)
  • If You Let Them Kill You They Will (1989)
  • Red (1989)
  • We Ain't Got No Money Honey (1989)

[edit] 1990s

  • Darkness & Ice (1990)
  • Not Quite Bernadette (1990)
  • Septuagenarian Stew: Stories and Poems (1990)
  • This (1990)
  • In the Morning and at Night and In Between (1991)
  • In The Shadow Of The Rose (1991)
  • People Poems (1991)
  • Last Night of the Earth Poems (1992)
  • Now (1992)
  • Three Poems (1992)
  • Between The Earthquake (1993)
  • Run with the Hunted: A Charles Bukowski Reader (1993)
  • Screams from the Balcony: Selected Letters 1960-1970 (1993)
  • Those Marvelous Lunches (1993)
  • Pulp (1994)
  • Confession Of A Coward (1995)
  • Heat Wave (1995)
  • Living on Luck: Selected Letters 1960s-1970s, Volume 2 (1995)
  • Shakespeare Never Did This (augmented edition) (1995)
  • Betting on the Muse: Poems & Stories (1996)
  • The Laughing Heart (1996)
  • Bone Palace Ballet (1997)
  • A New War (1997)
  • The Captain Is Out to Lunch and the Sailors Have Taken Over the Ship (1998) ISBN 1-57423-058-1
  • To Lean Back Into It (1998)
  • Reach for the Sun: Selected Letters 1978-1994, Volume 3 (1999)
  • The Singer (1999)
  • What Matters Most Is How Well You Walk Through the Fire (1999)

[edit] 2000 and after

  • Open All Night (2000)
  • Popcorn In The Dark (2000)
  • Beerspit Night and Cursing: The Correspondence of Charles Bukowski and Sheri Martinelli 1960-1967 (2001)
  • The night torn mad with footsteps (2001)
  • Pink Silks (2001)
  • The Simple Truth (2002)
  • Sifting Through The Madness for the Word, The Line, The Way: New Poems (2003) ISBN 0-06-056823-2
  • as Buddha smiles (2004)
  • The Flash of Lightning Behind the Mountain: New Poems (2004) ISBN 0-06-057701-0
  • Slouching Toward Nirvana (2005)
  • Come On In!: New Poems (2006)
  • The People Look Like Flowers At Last: New Poems (2007)
  • The Pleasures of the Damned: Poems, 1951-1993 (2007)
  • The Last Straw: DVD of Reading (2008)
  • There's Gonna Be a God Damn Riot In Here: DVD of Reading (2008)

[edit] Biographies

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  • Hugh Fox - Charles Bukowski A Critical and Bibliographical Study - 1969
  • Jory Sherman - Bukowski: Friendship, Fame & Bestial Myth - 1981
  • Neeli Cherkowski - Bukowski - A Life - 1991
  • Russell Harrison - Against The American Dream - 1994
  • Amber O'Neil - Blowing My Hero - 1995
  • Gerald Locklin - Charles Bukowski: A Sure Bet - 1996
  • Steve Richmond - Spinning Off Bukowski - 1996
  • A.D. Winans - The Charles Bukowski/Second Coming Years - 1996
  • Gay Brewer - Charles Bukowski, Twayne's United States Authors Series - 1997
  • Jim Christy - The Buk Book - 1997
  • John Thomas - Bukowski In The Bathtub - 1997
  • Ann Menebroker - Surviving Bukowski - 1998
  • Carlos Polimeni - Bukowski For Beginners - 1998
  • Howard Sounes - Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life - 1998
  • Jean-Francois Duval - Bukowski and The Beats - 2000
  • Gundolf S. Freyermuth - That's it. - 2000
  • Daniel Weizmann (editor) - Drinking with Bukowski - Recollections of the Poet Laureate of Skid Row - 2000
  • Aubrey Malone - the hunchback of east Hollywood - 2003
  • Jon Edgar Webb Jr. - Jon, Lou, Bukowski and Me - 2003
  • Ben Pleasants - Visceral Bukowski - 2004
  • Michael Gray Baughan - Charles Bukowski - 2004
  • Enrico Francheschini - I'm Bukowski, and then? - 2005
  • Barry Miles - Charles Bukowski - 2005
  • Tom Russell - Tough Company - 2005 .
  • David Charlson - Charles Bukowski: Autobiographer, Gender Critic, Iconoclast - 2005
  • Linda King - Loving and Hating Charles Bukowski - 2006
  • Modest Mouse - Bukowski - 2007

[edit] References

  • An Introduction to Charles Bukowski
  • The Hunchback of East Hollywood : A Biography of Charles Bukowski by Aubrey Malone (Critical Vision, 2003)
  • Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life by Howard Sounes (Grove Press, 1999)
  • Aaron Krumhansl - A Descriptive Bibliography of the Primary Publications of Charles Bukowski (Black Sparrow Press, 1999)
  • Sanford Dorbin - A Bibliography of Charles Bukowski (Black Sparrow Press, 1969)
  • University of Southern California Department of Special Collections

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Miles, Barry. Charles Bukowski.
  2. ^ a b Sounes, Howard. Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life, p. 8
  3. ^ Who is Charles Bukowski?
  4. '^ 'South of No North: Stories of the Buried Life - HarperCollins.
  5. ^ bukowski.net/timeline
  6. ^ a b Introduction to Charles Bukowski, by Jay Dougherty
  7. ^ Ciotti, Paul. (March 22, 1987) Los Angeles Times Bukowski: He's written more than 40 books, and in Europe he's treated like a rock star. He has dined with Norman Mailer and goes to the race track with Sean Penn. Mickey Rourke and Faye Dunaway are starring in a movie based on his life. At 66, poet Charles Bukowski is suddenly in vogue. Section: Los Angeles Times Magazine; Page 12.
  8. ^ Boston Review:
  9. ^ Amazon.com: The People Look Like Flowers At Last: New Poems: Charles Bukowski: Books
  10. ^ MySpace.com - The Suicide - LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA - www.myspace.com/thesuicidemovie
  11. ^ a b http://www.playbill.com/news/article/33656.html

[edit] External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:


Persondata
NAME Bukowski, Charles
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bukowski, Henry Charles
SHORT DESCRIPTION American Novelist, Poet
DATE OF BIRTH August 16, 1920
PLACE OF BIRTH Andernach, Germany
DATE OF DEATH March 9, 1994
PLACE OF DEATH San Pedro, California