Charles, Duke of Guelders/Comments
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Charles of Egmond (9 November 1467 -June 30, 1538) was Duke of Guelders between 1492 and his death. He was the son of Adolf of Egmond and Catharina of Bourbon.
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[edit] Childhood and family
Charles was born at Grave and raised at the Burgundian court of Charles the Bold, who had bought the duchy of Guelders from Adolf of Egmond in 1473. He fought in several battles against the armies of Charles VIII of France, until he was captured in the Battle of Béthune (1487).
[edit] Reign
In 1492, Charles was ransomed by the cities of Guelders, who had become disenchanted with the rule of their duke, Maximilian of Habsburg. Charles restored the independence of Guelders, and was recognized as Duke by the cities.
[edit] Donia's revolt
Pier Gerlofs Donia, the legendary Frisian freedom fighter, stood under his direct order, and so did Maarten van Rossum, another military-commander. He played a major role behind the scenes of the Friso-Hollandic Wars, and especially the last part of it, the so called Peasants revolt of Grutte Pier. After the tides turned, and Donia's rebellion seemed to break, he stopped investing in it, and switched sides together with van Rossum. Before that, he'd paid bribes to the Count of Nychlenborch, a Burgundian-vassal who's job it was to break Donia's rebellion.
Charles' rule in Guelders was supported by the French King, but the duchy was regained by Philip I of Castile, son of Maximillian, in 1505. Charles had to accompany Philip to Spain to attend his coronation as king of Spain, but Charles escaped at Antwerp, and by July 1513, the whole of Guelders was under his rule again.
[edit] Last years and death
In 1519, Charles married young Elisabeth of Brunswick. The marriage remained childless.
In the Treaty of Gorinchem (1528), the emperor finally recognized Charles of Egmond as Duke of Guelders. However, if Charles were to die childless, the emperor (Charles V, who was Philip's son) would inherit the duchy. At that moment, Charles did not have any children yet, and therefore he delayed signing the treaty. Another battle ensued, after which the offending passage was deleted from the treaty, and in 1536 there was finally peace between Guelders and Burgundy.
Charles died at Arnhem, and is buried in the St. Eusebius Church there.
Charles had several illegitimate children, and his such descent survives.
His only legitimate sister, his twin Philippa, Duchess of Lorraine (1467-1547) survived him and died during the reign of her great-grandson Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (1543-1608).
[edit] See also
- Friso-Hollandic Wars
- Maarten van Rossum
- Count of Nychlenborch
- Pier Gerlofs Donia
- the Arumer Black Heap
| Preceded by Philip the Handsome |
Duke of Guelders 1492–1538 |
Succeeded by Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg |
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