CFB Petawawa
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Canadian Forces Base Petawawa, commonly referred to as CFB Petawawa, is a Canadian Forces Base located in Petawawa, Ontario. It is operated as an army base by Canadian Forces Land Force Command.
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[edit] Base facts
The base is located in the Ottawa Valley 170 kilometres northwest of Ottawa along the western bank of the Ottawa River. It is adjacent to the town of Petawawa, Ontario, as well as the nearby city of Pembroke, Ontario and 16 other municipalities in Renfrew County.
Approximate personnel numbers are as follows:
- Canadian Forces personnel: 5,100
- DND civilian employees: 1,000
- Canadian Forces dependents: 7,700
Approximately 6,000 people directly connected to the base live in local communities between Deep River and Pembroke.
The base has an extensive infrastructure with 465 buildings and over 300 km2 of property comprising the Petawawa Training Area.
[edit] Fitness facilities
Dundonald Hall is CFB Petawawa's main fitness facility and is located on Festubert Boulevard. It houses a 5,000 square metre field house containing a 200 meter indoor running track, a 25 meter swimming pool, a wading pool equipped with a winding water slide, and whirlpool and sauna facilities.
The complex houses a gymnasium, aerobic studio, teen room, preschool play rooms and meeting rooms. The "Rec Plex" is home to numerous clubs and societies on the base such as the Karate Club, Preschool Clubs and the Indoor Rock Climbing Club.
[edit] Recreation
The South Side Community Center offers similar facilities and services to another area of the Petawawa community. The combination of Recreation Service's, Military Family Resources Services and Canex shopping make this facility the ideal "one-stop-shopping" building for those on base.
During the summer recreation options include golf on the base's 18-hole course, hiking local trails, beaches on local lakes and rivers, a full service marina for sail and power boating on the Ottawa River, or camping along the banks of the Ottawa River.
Winter recreation options include cross country ski trails, snowmobiling, ice fishing, and curling.
[edit] History
Founded in 1905 as the Petawawa Military Camp, or Camp Petawawa, the base was created by the Department of Militia and Defence upon the purchase of 22,430 acres (91 km²) of mostly agricultural property from local residents.
The base derives its name from the Petawawa River. The origin of the name PETAWAWA is lost in antiquity, but legend has it that it is an Algonquin Indian word pronounced PETWEWE. The translation is thought to mean, "Where one hears noise like this", referring to the sound of the fast water over the rocks in the river. In another legend it is said that the area was named after an indigenous woman who inhabited the banks of the Petawawa River and lived to the age of 115 years old.
Early French explorers used a trail or route through this area. The Mattawa Trail, now called Mattawa Road still exists on parts of the base today. The site of Canadian Forces Base Petawawa was originally a German Immigrant settlement. German pioneers toiled to build a community out of the harsh and rugged terrain. Some of the topographical features in the training area still bear the names of these early settlers.
By 1904 the Department of Militia and Defence purchased 150 properties from these settlers totaling 90 km2 (22,430 acres). The Royal Canadian Horse and Garrison Artillery were the first to train at Petawawa Military Camp during the summer of 1905. In 1906 the Royal Canadian Engineers constructed huts, stables and installed water and gas systems. In that same year "A" and "B" Batteries of the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery, commenced the first of many marches to Camp Petawawa for summer training from their permanent station in Kingston, Ontario.
By 1907 combined training and tactical exercises were conducted by various other units such as A and B Squadron, Royal Canadian Dragoons; A and B Batteries, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery; No. 2 Company, Royal Canadian Engineers; a battalion from The Royal Canadian Regiment; and detachments from the Medical and Ordnance Corps.
The first military aircraft flight in Canada took place at Petawawa. On 31 July 1909 under perfect weather conditions, J.A.D. McCurdy and F.W. Baldwin flew the "Silver Dart" at Camp Petawawa in the presence of military observers. From December 1914 to May 1916, Petawawa was used as an internment camp for 750 German and Austrian prisoners of “The Great War”. At the same time Canada Car and Foundry Company had developed three inch shells and were being tested at the camp by Russian artillery. The prisoners were instrumental in helping clear roads and timber to make these tests possible. From May 1916 to 1918, 10,767 Canadian troops were trained at Petawawa before being sent overseas.
During World War II, three training centres (two artillery and one engineering) were established at Camp Petawawa. In September 1942, 12,515 troops were stationed on the base. The peak load was reached during 1943 when approximately 20,000 troops were undergoing training at one time. As in the previous war, Petawawa was the site of an internment camp. The camp's official designation was Internment Camp No.33; located at Centre Lake it held 645 civilian internees. There were 28 different nationalities the majority being German and Italian. During 1946 the first regular army units arrived in Camp Petawawa and it was established as a permanent camp.
In 1947, the training of militia and regular units of the Canadian Army resumed. The Royal Canadian Dragoons and 1st Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment were moved to Camp Petawawa in 1948. Upon being given the status of a permanent camp, it was officially designated " Camp Petawawa" in May 1951. During the next few years construction continued in order to accommodate more regular units, married quarters and schools for the soldier's dependents. Units of the Special Force, such as 2 RCHA, 8th Hussars, PPCLI, and 1 RCR earmarked for service in Korea were concentrated at Petawawa before transferring to the United States for departure to the Korean Theatre. The 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade Group was stationed to Petawawa upon return from Germany in 1959. This formation was redesignated 2 Combat Group in 1966.
The unification of the Canadian Forces resulted in Camp Petawawa being renamed Canadian Forces Base Petawawa (CFB Petawawa) on February 1, 1968. Under the CF, the base was allocated to Mobile Command.
On April 1, 1977, 2 Combat Group was disbanded. 2 Combat Group combined with the Canadian Airborne Regiment at CFB Petawawa to form the Special Service Force. The Special Service Force constituted a unique chapter in Canada 's military history. It derived its name from the first Special Service Force, an historic formation of Americans and Canadians which pioneered special forces operations in a short lived but immensely successful history during the second world war. The latter-day Special Service Force represented a compromise between the general purpose combat capabilities of a normal brigade and the strategic and tactical flexibility which derived from the lighter and more mobile capabilities of the Canadian Airborne Regiment. Units and soldiers of the Special Service Force served in operations both home and around the world.
The Special Service Force was officially re-designated as 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group by a Ministerial Order signed on 24 April 1995 . This decision to re-organize and re-equip the formation was due to current emphasis in Canadian defence policy on general-purpose capabilities. With a smaller force structure, a smaller defence budget and more frequent operational taskings, it has become clear that general-purpose capabilities provide the best return on Canada's investment in defence. Accordingly, 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group of Petawawa has been designed to be a mirror image of its two sister formations, 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade, based in Edmonton, Alberta and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, based in Valcartier, Quebec.
Currently there are approximately 6,100 persons employed at CFB Petawawa (5,100 of them military) whom are included in the units of 2 CMBG, CFB/ASU Petawawa and lodger units. Soldiers at CFB Petawawa have been involved in many operations throughout the world including tours in Afganistan and Bosnia.
In 2005, CFB Petawawa celebrated its first 100 years of service. A number of events were planned in conjunction with units and the local communities to commemorate this special occasion.
[edit] Current operations
Canadian Forces Base Petawawa is the home of 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, which is made up of:
- 2nd Battalion of The Royal Canadian Horse Artillery
- The Royal Canadian Dragoons
- 1st and 3rd Battalions of The Royal Canadian Regiment
- 2 Combat Engineer Regiment
- 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group Headquarters and Signal Squadron
The base motto is, in the eastern Anishinaabe language, endazhe kinamandowa chimaganishak (or fully vocalised as endazhi-gikinoo'amawindowaa zhimaaganishag). The literal English translation is "Training Ground of the Soldiers". The translation used on the base is "Training Ground of the Warriors".
