Cetina
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Cetina is a river in central Dalmatia, Croatia. It has a total length of 105 km, drains an area of 3,700 km², and descends from an altitude of 385 m at its source to the sea level when it flows into the Adriatic Sea.
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[edit] Geography and geology
Cetina has its source in the northwestern slopes of Dinara. Rising from a spring at Milasevo near a small village called Cetina, located 7 km north from Vrlika, it flows a distance of 105km to the Adriatic Sea. [1] A large artificial lake begins near Vrlika, the Peruča lake, which was created by a dam some 25 km downstream. Cetina then passes into the lower portion of the Sinj karst field. After that it runs eastward and then back westward around the Mosor mountain, before flowing into the Adriatic in the city of Omiš.
The latter portion of Cetina and its relatively large drop in altitude was used to build several substantial hydroelectric power plants. Its water is also bottled as Cetina.
The total drainage area of the catchment is around 12,000 km², and the annual discharge is around 105 m² s-¹ as a consequence of a mean annual rainfall of 1380mm. [1]
Bounded to the east by the Dinaric Alps, which rise to an altitude of 2000 m, and to the northwest by mountain Svilaja, the majority of the catchment drains calcareous rocks of Cretaceous age, predominantly limestone. Rocks of Triassic and Jurassic age also crop out in the catchment and include dolomitic limestone and flysch. The underlying karst geology controls relief with a series of structurally aligned basins separated by high ridges. [1]
[edit] History and archaeology
Throughout the High Medieval times, the river was the border between the Croatian and Serbian realms.
The Cetina Valley and the narrow passage at Klis have always functioned as a principal trade route between the Croatian coast and Bosnia. Strategically, it has been pivotal to the development, not only of the Balkans, but also of significant parts of Europe. Read more [1].
The earliest evidence for agricultural activity is from the Early Neolithic in the upper part of the valley. In the Early Bronze Age the Cetina Culture, a geographically pervasive group with contacts throughout the Adriatic basin, became dominant. Extensive mound fields are recorded on the lower valley slopes at several locations around Cetina, Vrlika and Bajagić. [1] As in other parts of Europe, the river appears to have been the focus of the intentional deposition of artefacts throughout prehistory. This is particularly true at the confluence of the Cetina and Ruda rivers at Trilj. [1]
The area is intimately associated with the heartland of the Delmatae and the area's strategic importance is emphasised by the citing of the legionary fortress at Tilurium (Gardun), just above today's city of Trilj, which guards the entrance to the valley from the south and the approach to the provincial capital at Salona. [1]
During the early medieval period, toponymic evidence suggests that the Cetina Valley and perhaps the river itself became a frontier between Slavic and Late Roman power. The area around Sinj eventually emerged as a centre of Slavic power and ultimately established itself as a heartland of the Early Croatian State. [1]
During later periods the area was highly contests and passed between a number of regional and local powers before conquest by the Ottoman Empire during the early 16th century. After this it retained a frontier role until the reconquest of the area 150 years later. [1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Smith, D., Gaffney, V., Grossman, D., Howard, A.J., Milosevic, A., Ostir, K., Podobnikar, T., Smith, W., Tetlow, E., Tingle, M., and Tinsley, H. 2006. Assessing the later prehistoric environmental archaeology and landscape development of the Cetina Valley, Croatia. Environmental Archaeology 11 (2): 171-186
[edit] External links
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