Cessna Citation

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Citation families
A Cessna Citation II
Type	Business jet
Manufacturer	Cessna
Variants	Citation II/SII/Bravo Citation III-VI-VII Citation Excel/XLS/XLS+ CitationJet/CJ series Citation Mustang Citation X Citation SovereignCitation Columbus

The Cessna Citation is a marketing name used by Cessna for its line of business jets. Rather than one particular model of aircraft, the name applies to several "families" of turbofan-powered aircraft which have been produced over the years. Within each of the six distinct families, aircraft design improvements, market pressures and re-branding efforts have resulted in a number of variants, so that the Citation lineage has become quite complex. Military variants include the T-47 and UC-35 series aircraft.

Contents 1 Citation product lineage overview 2 Original Citation family 2.1 FanJet 500 2.2 Citation I series 2.3 Citation V 2.4 Citation Ultra and Encore 3 Operators 3.1 Military operators 4 Accidents and incidents 5 Specifications Cessna S550 Citation S/II 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

[edit] Citation product lineage overview

• FanJet 500, the prototype for the original Citation family, first flew 1969-09-15.^[1]
  • Citation I (Model 500) originally called the Citation 500 before Cessna finally settled on Citation I, by which time the design had changed quite a bit from the FanJet 500. The original Citation I was one of the first light corporate jets to be powered by turbofan engines. Production ceased in 1985.^[2]
  • Citation I/SP (Model 501) single-pilot operations^[3]
  • Citation II (Model 550) a larger stretched development of the Model 500 first produced in 1978. Initially replaced by the S/II in production, but was brought back and produced side-by-side with the S/II until the Bravo was introduced.^[4][5]
    • T-47 (Model 552) is the military designation of the Citation II. The U.S. Navy purchased 15 T-47A aircraft as radar system trainers, and the DoD purchased five OT-47B models for drug interdiction reconnaissance.^[6]
    • Citation II/SP (Model 551) single-pilot operations^[4][7]
    • Citation S/II (Model S550) incorporated a number of improvements, especially an improved wing. Replaced the II in production.^[4][8]
    • Citation Bravo (Model 550) updated II and S/II with new PW530A engines, landing gear and Primus 1000 avionics.^[9][10] The last Citation Bravo rolled off the production line in late 2006, ending a nearly 10 year production run of 337 aircraft.^[11]
  • Citation V (Model 560), growth variant of the Citation II/SP JT15D-5A^[12][13]
    • Citation Ultra (Model 560) upgraded Citation V with JT15D-5D, EFIS instruments^[13]
      • UC-35A Army transport version of the V Ultra.
      • UC-35C Marine Corps version of the V Ultra.^[14]
    • Citation Encore (Model 560) upgraded Citation Ultra with PW535A engines and improved trailing-link landing gear^[13]
      • UC-35B Army transport version of the Encore.
      • UC-35D Marine Corps version of the Encore.^[14]
      • Citation Encore+ (Model 560) upgraded Encore includes FADEC and a redesigned avionics.^[13]

• Citation III (Model 650) all-new design.^[15][16][17]
  • Citation IV was a proposed upgrade of the III, but was cancelled by Cessna.^[15]
  • Citation VI (Model 650) was a low-cost derivative of the III which had a different avionics suite and non-custom interior design.^[15][16]
  • Citation VII (Model 650) was an upgrade of the III that was in production from 1992 to 2000.^[15][18]
• Citation X (Model 750) (X as in the Roman numeral for ten), an all-new design, the fastest civilian aircraft in the world since the retirement of Concorde.^[19] 24 feet of stand-up cabin space.^[20]

• Citation Excel (Model 560XL), utilized a shortened Citation X fuselage combined with the V Ultra's straight wing and the V's tail; used new PW545A engines.^[21][22] Includes a stand-up cabin.
  • Citation XLS, evolved from the Excel
  • Citation XLS+ which includes FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control) and a redesigned avionics system.^[23]
• Citation Sovereign (Model 680), utilizes a stretched version of the Excel's fuselage with an all-new moderately swept wing.^[24][25] Stand-up cabin is 24 feet long.^[26]

• CitationJet (Model 525) essentially an all-new design, the only carry-over being the Citation I's forward fuselage.^[27] The 525 series models all feature a shorter cabin; Not a stand-up.
  • CJ1 (Model 525) Improved version of the CitationJet^[27]
    • CJ1+ (Model 525) Improved version of the CJ1 with new engines, avionics, and FADEC^[28][29]
  • CJ2 (Model 525A) Stretched version of the CJ1.^[27]
    • CJ2+ (Model 525A) Improved version of the CJ2 with increased performance, improved avionics, and FADEC.^[30]
  • CJ3 (Model 525B) Extension of the CJ2.^[31]
  • CJ4 (Model 525C) An extension of the CJ3, with new Williams FJ44-4 engines and the moderately swept wing borrowed from the Sovereign.^[32] The first flight of the CJ4 is slated for the first half of 2008 with customer deliveries to follow in 2010.^[33]

• Citation Mustang (Model 510), a new Very Light Jet (VLJ), even smaller and lighter than the CitationJet I, meant to compete with the new breed of VLJs from Piper, Embraer, and Eclipse Aviation, Adam Aircraft Industries.^[34]

• Citation Columbus (Model 850), a future intercontinental large cabin corporate jet.^[35]

[edit] Original Citation family

The Citation name also frequently applies to the original straight-wing family of jets, each of which has evolved from the first Citation I.

[edit] FanJet 500

In October, 1968, Cessna announced plans to build an eight-place business jet that, unlike its competition, would be suitable for operations from shorter airfields, essentially aiming to compete in the light-to-medium twin turboprop market, rather than the existing business jet market. First flight of the prototype aircraft, then called the FanJet 500, took place a little under a year later, on September 15, 1969^[1]

[edit] Citation I series

After a longer-than-expected development flight test program, during which the name Citation 500 was tried, and a number of changes to the design, the finished aircraft was debuted with the new name Citation (Model 500) and received its FAA certification in September, 1971. The aircraft was powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-1 turbofan engines. With fan engines, rather than turbojet engines such as powered the contemporary Learjet 25, and a straight, rather than swept wings, the Citation was over 120 knots slower than the Lear 25 (max speed of 350 kts compared with 473 kts for the LJ25), which led to nicknames such as "Slowtation" and "Nearjet", and raised eyebrows in the aviation media.^[1][36]. The Citation I had a maximum take-off weight of 10,850lbs, and a maximum of 8 people on board.^[37]

In 1976, several product improvements were added to the aircraft in response to market pressures, including a higher maximum gross weight and thrust reversers, which made shorter landing fields available to customers. With these improvements came the name Citation I^[1]

When production on the Citation I finally ended in 1985, 377 airframes had been built.^[2] The aircraft's position in the Citation product line was not filled until much later, with the introduction of the Cessna CitationJet.

Like the Learjets, the Citation I required a crew of two. But since the Citation was intended to be marketed against twin turboprops, which can be flown by a single pilot, this restriction limited its intended market. Cessna's answer was the Model 501 Citation I/SP, with SP referring to its certified single-pilot capability. The aircraft was first delivered in early 1977, and a total of 312 aircraft were produced, and production also ended in 1985.^[1][3] New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson was killed in his Citation I/SP on August 2, 1979 while practicing touch-and-go landings.^[38]

[edit] Citation V

After stretching the Citation I to make the II, Cessna decided to increase the size of the cabin again, stretching the fuselage by another 20 inches, resulting in the largest member of the straight-wing family, the Model 560 Citation V. The first engineering prototype flew in August, 1987, and certification was granted in December, 1988. The aircraft utilized the T-47A's JT15D5A engines for extra performance. By the time the aircraft was superseded in 1994, 262 had been built.^[12]

[edit] Citation Ultra and Encore

In 1993, Cessna decided to update the Citation V design, and announced the Citation Ultra, with the main differences being in the engines, which were the latest JT15D-5D version, and the standard avionics suite, which was updated to the Honeywell Primus 1000 EFIS glass cockpit. The Primus 1000 replaced the standard "round dial" flight instruments with three CRT computer screens, one for each pilot and one center mulifunction display.^[12] In 1994, the Ultra was named Flying magazine's "Best Business Jet". The Ultra was produced from 1994-1999.

The UC-35A is the U.S. Army designation and UC-35C is the U.S. Marine Corps designation for the Citation Ultra, which replaced older versions of the C-12 Huron.^[39]

Five years later, in 1998, the Model 560 was upgraded again as the Citation Encore, with Pratt & Whitney Canada PW535A engines and an increase in fuel capacity.^[12][40] The Encore was certified in April 2000 with first delivery in late September 2000. The next upgrade was the Citation Encore+, with the addition of FADEC-controlled PW535B engines and Rockwell-Collins Pro Line 21 avionics suite.^[41] The Encore+ was certified by the FAA in December 2006, with deliveries of production aircraft expected in the first quarter of 2007.

The UC-35B is the Army designation and UC-35D is the Marine Corps designation for the Citation Encore.^[42][14]

[edit] Operators

[edit] Military operators

 Argentina

 Chile

 Colombia

 People's Republic of China

 Ecuador

 Pakistan

 South Africa

 Spain

 Switzerland

 United States

 Venezuela

[edit] Accidents and incidents

• On 30 March 2008, a Citation 501 came down in Farnborough in Kent in the United Kingdom, crashing into a house and garage. All of the plane's 5 occupants (2 pilots and 3 passengers), which included former BTCC driver David Leslie, were killed in the accident.^[43] Police have said a few people suffered minor injuries on the ground, mostly suffering from shock. Residents in the most severely damaged house were thought to be away. The pilot reported strong engine vibrations before crashing. The plane, which was privately owned, was en route from Biggin Hill in Bromley, to Circuit Paul Armagnac in southwestern France.^[44]

See also: 2008 Farnborough plane crash

[edit] Specifications Cessna S550 Citation S/II

General characteristics

• Crew: 2
• Capacity: 8 passengers
• Length: 47 ft 3 in (14.39 m)
• Wingspan: 52 ft 3 in (15.91 m)
• Height: 15 ft 0 in (4.57 m)
• Wing area: 343 ft² (31.8 m²)
• Empty weight: 8,060 lb (3,655 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 15,100 lb (6,850 kg)
• Powerplant: 2× Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D4B turbofans, 2,500 lbf (11.1 kN) each

Performance

• Cruise speed: 403 knots (464 mph, 746 km/h)
• Range: 2,000 nm (2,300 mi 3,700 km)
• Service ceiling: 43,000 ft (13,100 m)
• Rate of climb: 3,040 ft/min (15.4 m/s)

[edit] See also

Related development

• Cessna Citation IISII/Bravo
• Cessna Citation III/VI/VII
• Cessna Citation X
• Cessna Citation Excel/XLS/XLS+
• Cessna CitationJet/CJ series
• Cessna Citation Sovereign
• Cessna Citation Mustang
• Cessna Citation Columbus
  

Comparable aircraft

• Beechjet 400
• Bombardier Challenger
• Dassault Falcon
• Hawker 800XP
• Learjet 35/36
• Learjet 45
  

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Cessna Citation home page
• Cessna Citation X web site
• Cessna Citation Sovereign web site
• Cessna Citation Encore+ web site
• Cessna Citation XLS+ web site
• Cessna Authorized Sales Representative Germany

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