Celia Cruz

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Celia Cruz (October 21, 1925 – July 16, 2003) was a Cuban salsa singer, and was one of the most successful Cuban performers of the 20th century, with twenty-three gold albums to her name. She was renowned internationally as the "Queen of Salsa," as well as "La guarachera de Cuba".^[1] She spent most of her career living in New Jersey, and working in the United States and several Latin American countries.

Leila Cobo of Billboard Magazine once said "Cruz is indisputably the best known and most influential female figure in the history of Cuban music." Cruz once said in an interview "If I had a chance I wouldn't have been singing and dancing, I would be a teacher just like my dad wanted me to be".

[edit] Early Life

Celia Cruz was born Úrsula Hilaria Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso in the diverse Santos Suárez neighborhood of Havana, Cuba, on October 21, 1925, the second child of Catalina Alfonso and Simón Cruz.^[2] Simón worked in the railroads as a stoker, and Catalina took care of the extended family.^[2] While growing up in Cuba's diverse 1930s musical climate, Cruz listened to many musicians that later influenced her adult career, such as Paulina Alvarez, Fernando Collazo, Abelardo Barroso, Pablo Quevedo, Arsenio Rodriguez, and Arcaño y sus Maravillas.^[2] When she was a teenager, her aunt took her and her cousin to cabarets to sing, but her father encouraged her to keep attending school, in hopes that she would become a Spanish language teacher. However, one of her teachers told her that as an entertainer she could earn in one day what most Cuban teachers earned in a month. Cruz began singing in Havana's radio station Radio Garcia-Serra's popular "Hora del Té" daily broadcast, she sang the tango "Nostalgias", (and won a cake as first place) often winning cakes and also opportunities to participate in more contests. Her first recordings were made in 1948 in Venezuela. Before that, Cruz had recorded for radio stations. She thanked her young nephew Cesar for all the hard work he put into it also. "He was an amazing little boy he was like my own son, rest in peace Cesar".

In 1950, she made her first major breakthrough, after the lead singer of the Sonora Matancera, a renowned Cuban orchestra, left the group and Cruz was called to fill in. Hired permanently by the orchestra, she wasn't well accepted by the public at first. However, the orchestra stood by their decision, and soon Cruz became famous throughout Cuba. During the 15 years she was a member, the band travelled all over Latin America, becoming known as "Café Con Leche" (coffee with milk). Cruz became known for her trademark shout "¡Azúcar!", ("Sugar!" in Spanish). The catch phrase started as the punch line for a joke Cruz used to tell frequently at her concerts. Once, she ordered cafe cubano (Cuban coffee) in a restaurant in Miami. The waiter asked her if she'd like sugar, and she replied that, since he was Cuban, he should know that you can't drink Cuban coffee without it! After having told the joke so many times, Cruz eventually dropped the joke and greeted her audience at the start of her appearances with the punch line alone. In her later years, she would use the punch line a few times, to later say: "No les digo más 'Azúcar', pa' que no les dé diabetes!" which means "I won't say "Sugar" so that you won't get diabetes."

With Fidel Castro's assuming control of Cuba in 1960, Cruz and Knight refused to return to their homeland and became citizens of the United States

In 1966, Cruz and Tito Puente began an association that would lead to eight albums for Tico Records. The albums were not as successful as expected, however, and Cruz later joined the Vaya Records label. There, she joined accomplished pianist Larry Harlow and was soon headlining a concert at New York's Carnegie Hall.

Her 1974 album, with Johnny Pacheco, Celia y Johnny, was very successful, and Cruz soon found herself in a group named the Fania All Stars, which was an ensemble of salsa musicians from every orchestra signed by the Fania label (owner of Vaya Records). With the Fania All Stars, Cruz had the opportunity of visiting England, France, Zaire, and to return to tour Latin America. In the late 1970s, she participated in an Eastern Air Lines commercial in Puerto Rico, singing the catchy phrase ¡Esto sí es volar! (This really is flying!!!).

Celia Cruz and Johnny Pacheco (1970s)

During the 1980s, Cruz made many tours in Latin America and Europe, doing multiple concerts and television shows wherever she went, and singing both with younger stars and stars of her own era. She began a crossover of sorts, when she participated in the 1988 Hollywood production of Salsa, alongside Draco Cornelio Rosa.

In 1990, Cruz won a Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Performance - Ray Barretto & Celia Cruz - Ritmo en el Corazon. She later recorded an anniversary album with la Sonora Matancera. In 1992, she starred with Armand Assante and Antonio Banderas in the film The Mambo Kings. In 1994, President Bill Clinton awarded Cruz the National Medal of Arts. In 2001, she recorded a new album, on which Johnny Pacheco was one of the producers.

Dexter Lehtinen, Celia Cruz, Alonso R. del Portillo, Rep. Ros-Lehtinen, and Pedro Knight in May 1992

In early 2003, she had surgery to correct knee problems that she had for a few years, and she intended to continue working indefinitely. However, in July of that year, she died of a cancerous brain tumor at her home in Fort Lee, New Jersey. She was survived by her husband; and dear friend Dwayne.B. After her death in New Jersey, her body was taken to Miami to lie in state in downtown Miami's Freedom Tower, where more than 200,000 of her South Florida fans paid their final respects. Her body was returned to New York City where tens of thousands fans paid tribute to her at the Funeral Home. A service was held for her in St. Patrick's Cathedral on Fifth Avenue. She was buried at the Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx; an epilogue in her autobiography notes that, in accordance with her wishes, Cuban soil that she had saved from a visit to Guantánamo Bay was used in her burial.

[edit] Discography

Graffiti depiction of Cruz in Spanish Harlem by James De La Vega

• 2003 Homenaje a Beny More
• 2003 Celia & Johnny
• 2002 Regalo Del Alma
• 2003 Dios Disfrute a la Reina
• 2003 Son Boleros, Boleros Son
• 2003 Reina de la Musica Cubana
• 2003 Regalo del Alma
• 2003 Mas Grande Historia Jamas Cantada
• 2003 Estrellas de la Sonora Matancera
• 2003 Celia in the House: Classic Hits Remixed
• 2003 Carnaval de la Vida
• 2003 Candela Pura
• 2002 Unrepeatable
• 2002 Hits Mix
• 2001 Negra Tiene Tumba'o
• 2000 Siempre Vivire
• 2000 Salsa
• 2000 Habanera
• 2000 Celia Cruz and Friends: A Night of Salsa
• 1999 En Vivo Radio Progreso, Vol. 3
• 1999 En Vivo Radio Progreso, Vol. 2
• 1999 En Vivo Radio Progreso, Vol. 1
• 1999 En Vivo C.M.Q., Vol. 5
• 1999 En Vivo C.M.Q., Vol. 4
• 1998 Mi Vida Es Cantar
• 1998 Afro-Cubana
• 1997 Tambien Boleros
• 1997 Duets
• 1997 Cambiando Ritmos
• 1996 Celia Cruz Delta
• 1995 Irresistible
• 1995 Festejando Navidad
• 1995 Double Dynamite
• 1995 Cuba's Queen of Rhythm
• 1994 Merengue Saludos Amigos
• 1994 Mambo del Amor
• 1994 Irrepetible
• 1994 Homenaje a Los Santos
• 1994 Guaracheras de La Guaracha
• 1993 Introducing
• 1993 Homenaje a Beny More, Vol. 3
• 1993 Boleros Polydor
• 1993 Azucar Negra
• 1992 Verdadera Historia
• 1992 Tributo a Ismael Rivera
• 1991 Reina del Ritmo Cubano
• 1991 Canta Celia Cruz
• 1990 Guarachera del Mundo
• 1988 Ritmo en el Corazon
• 1987 Winners
• 1986 De Nuevo
• 1986 Candela
• 1983 Tremendo Trío
• 1982 Feliz Encuentro
• 1981 Celia & Willie
• 1980 Celia/Johnny/Pete
• 1979 Ceiba
• 1978 Eternos
• 1978 Brillante
• 1978 A Todo Mis Amigos
• 1977 Only They Could Have Made This Album
• 1976 Recordando El Ayer
• 1975 Tremendo Cache
• 1974 Celia & Johnny
• 1970 Etc. Etc. Etc.
• 1969 Quimbo Quimbumbia
• 1968 Serenata Guajira
• 1968 Excitante
• 1967 Ti Mexico
• 1967 Bravo Celia Cruz
• 1966 Son con Guaguanco
• 1966 Cuba Y Puerto Rico Son
• 1965 Sabor y Ritmo de Pueblos
• 1965 Canciones Premiadas
• 1959 Mi Diario Musical
• 1958 Incomparable Celia

[edit] Grammy and Latin Grammy Wins

[edit] See Also

• Afro-Latinos

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Celia Cruz at the Internet Movie Database
• Celia Cruz at Findagrave.com
• ¡Azúcar! The Life and Music of Celia Cruz at the National Museum of American History