Cavalese cable-car disaster
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The Cavalese cable car disaster occurred on 3 February 1998 near the Italian town Cavalese when a U.S. military plane cut a cable supporting a gondola of an aerial tramway, causing the death of 20 people. Cavalese is a ski-resort located in the Dolomites, some 40 km north-east of Trento.
The two pilots of the military plane, Captain Richard J. Ashby and his navigator Captain Joseph Schweitzer, were put on trial in the United States and were found not guilty of involuntary manslaughter and negligent homicide. Later they were found guilty of obstruction of justice for having destroyed a videotape recorded from the plane and were dishonorably discharged from the Marines.
This event put under pressure the international relationship between United States and Italy, where it is known as "Massacre of Cermis", because the acquittal of the pilots was considered outrageous.
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[edit] Accident
On 3 February 1998, 14:13 local time, an EA-6B Prowler, an electronic warfare aircraft belonging to the United States Marine Corps, struck the cables supporting a gondola in Cavalese after low flying through the valley at more than 500 Mph. The cable was severed and 20 people in the cabin plunged over 80 metres to their deaths. The plane had wing and tail damage but was able to land at a nearby USAF base, Aviano Air Base. [1]
Those killed, 19 passengers and one operator, were all European nationals: eight Germans, five Belgians, three Italians , two Poles, one Austrian and one Dutch.[2]
[edit] Reactions
The disaster caused an upsurge of anti-American feeling in Italy to the point where President Bill Clinton offered an official apology[3], and promised monetary compensation; the USA ambassador in Italy, Thomas M. Foglietta, visited the accident site and knelt in prayer, offering apologies on behalf of the United States. Nevertheless, the incident strained the relationship between Americans and Italians.
There were anti-American protests in Italy, where the event received the name of Strage del Cermis ("Massacre of Cermis", Cermis being the name of the nearest mountain); some complained about the presence of American air bases on Italian territory, and even put under question the NATO pact.[4]
[edit] First trial
Italian prosecutors wanted the four Marines to stand trial in Italy, but an Italian court recognized that NATO treaties gave jurisdiction to U.S. military courts.
Initially, all four men on the plane were charged, but only the pilot Captain Richard J. Ashby and his navigator Captain Joseph Schweitzer actually faced trial, charged with 20 counts of involuntary manslaughter and negligent homicide. Ashby's trial took place at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. It was determined that the maps on board did not show the cables and that the EA-6B was flying somewhat faster and considerably lower than allowed by military regulations. The restrictions in effect at the time required a minimum flying height of 2,000 ft (600 m); the pilot said he thought they were 1,000 ft (300 m). The cable was cut at a height of 360 ft (110 m). The pilot further claimed that the height-measuring equipment on his plane had been malfunctioning, and that he had been unaware of the speed restrictions. In March 1999, the jury acquitted Ashby, outraging the European public. The manslaughter charges against Schweitzer were then dropped.
[edit] Second trial and re-examination
The two men were court-martialed a second time for obstruction of justice, because they had destroyed a videotape recorded from the plane on the day of the accident. They were found guilty in May 1999; both were dismissed from the service and the pilot received a six month prison term. He was released after four and a half months for good behavior.
In late 2007, Ashby and Schweitzer asked for a re-examination of their trial and clemency, challenging their dishonorable discharge in order to be eligible for military benefits. On this occasion they claimed that during the first trial the prosecutor and the defense secretly agreed to drop the involuntary manslaughter and negligent homicide charges, but to keep the obstruction of justice one in order to satisfy the requests coming from Italy. The appeal of Schweitzer was denied in November 2007.[5]
[edit] Compensation
By February 1999, the victims' families had received little compensation ($65,000 per victim) as immediate help by the Italian government, which was reimbursed by the U.S. government.[6] In May 1999, the U.S. Congress rejected a bill that would have set up a $40 million compensation fund for the victims.[7] In December 1999, the Italian legislature approved a monetary compensation plan for the families ($1.9 million per victim). NATO treaties obliged the US government to pay 75% of this compensation, which it did.[8]
[edit] Victims
- Hadewich Antonissen (24, Wechelderzande), Belgian
- Stefan Bekaert (28, Leuven), Belgian
- Dieter Frank Blumenfeld (47, Bürgstadt), German
- Rose-Marie Eyskens (24, Kalmthout), Belgian
- Danielle Groenleer (20, Apeldoorn), Dutch
- Michael Pötschke (28, Bürgstadt), German
- Egon Uwe Renkewitz (47, Bürgstadt), German
- Marina Mandy Renkewitz (24, Bürgstadt), German
- Maria Steiner-Stampfl (61, Bressanone), Italian
- Ewa Strzelczyk (37, Gliwice), Polish
- Philip Strzelczyk (14, Gliwice), Polish
- Annelie (Wessig) Urban (41, Bürgstadt), German
- Harald Urban (41, Bürgstadt), German
- Sebastian Van den Heede (27, Brugge), Belgian
- Marcello Vanzo (56, Cavalese) cable cart operator, Italian
- Stefaan Vermander (27, Assebroek), Belgian
- Anton Voglsang (35, Vienna), Austrian
- Sonja Weinhofer (22, born in Munich living in Wien), Austrian
- Jürgen Wunderlich (44,Bürgstadt), German
- Edeltraud Zanon-Werth (56, born in Innsbruck and living in Bressanone), Italian
[edit] Other incidents
On 9 March 1976, in the worst cable car accident ever, 42 people including 15 children died near Cavalese when the steel cable of their cable car broke. See Cavalese cable-car disaster (1976).
[edit] References
- ^ John Tagliabue with Matthew L. Wald, " DEATH IN THE ALPS: A special report.; How Wayward U.S. Pilot Killed 20 on Ski Lift", The New York Times, February 18, 1998. }
- ^ Victims names list by the victims' relatives committee
- ^ Mary Dejevsky, "Cable car pilot not guilty of killings", Independent, The (London), Mar 5, 1999}
- ^ Slogans used by the protestors included NATO per uccidere (NATO to kill or Born to kill; "NATO" can also mean "born" in Italian).
- ^ Andrea Visconti, "Cermis, patto segreto dietro il processo", la Repubblica.it, February 2, 2008. (Italian)
- ^ "America's Obligation in Italy", The New York Times, March 10, 1999
- ^ "US Congress decision not acceptable for Cavalese victims' lawyer", Agence France Presse, May 17, 1999
- ^ "Families of victims in Italian ski-lift disaster compensated", Agence France Presse, April 26, 2000
