Portal:Catholicism/Patron Archive/November 24
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The Vietnamese Martyrs also known as the Martyrs of Tonkin, Martyrs of Annam or Martyrs of IndoChina, are saints on the Roman Catholic calendar of saints canonized by Pope John Paul II. Their feast day is 24 November although several of these saints have another memorial day as they were beatified and on the calendar prior to the canonization of the group.
The earliest martyrs, mentioned in written sources are the Spanish Dominicans Francisco Gil de Federich and Alonzo Lenziana, who arrived to the country about 1580. In 1773 two more Dominicans were beheaded, Hyacinth Casteneda, a Spaniard who had evangelised in the Philippines and China for several years before being deported to Vietnam, where he was imprisoned for three years. There he was joined by Vincent Liêm, the first Indo-Chinese Dominican to be martyred, who had ministered to his countrymen for fourteen years before being beheaded. The first Vietnamese diocesan priests, John Dat and Emmanuel Triêu, also suffered martyrdom in 1798.
It is not known precisely how many Catholics died for their faith between 1516 when the first Portuguese missionaries arrived in what is now Vietnam and the twentieth century (about 130,000 to 300,000 Vietnamese martyrs were killed); however, John Paul II decided to canonize those whose names are known and unknown, giving them a single feast day. Principally, the Vietnamese Martyrs fall into several groupings, those of the Portuguese missionary era (16th Century), the Dominican and Jesuit missionary era of the (17th Century), the politically inspired persecutions of the 19th Century, and the Communist purges of the 20th Century. A representative sample of only 117 martyrs -including 96 Vietnamese, 11 Spanish Dominicans, and 10 French members of the Paris Society for Foreign Missions (Missions Etrangères de Paris) (MEP)— were beatified on four separate occasions: 64 by Pope Leo XIII on May 27, 1900, 8 by Pope Pius X on May 20, 1906, 20 by Pope Pius X on May 2, 1909, 25 by Pope Pius XII on April 29, 1951. All these 117 Vietnamese Martyrs were canonized on June 19, 1988 and a young Vietnamese Martyr, Andrew Phú Yên was beatified in March, 2000 by Pope John Paul II.
The tortures these individuals underwent were among the worst in the history of Christian martyrdom. The means included cutting off limbs joint by joint, ripping living bodies with red hot tongs, and use of drugs to enslave the minds of the victims. Christians at the time were branded on the face with the words "ta dao" and families and villages which subscribed to Christianity were obliterated.
Those whose name is known are: Agnes Le Thi Thanh, the mother of six, Andrew Dung-Lac An Tran, Andrew Thong Kim Nguyen, Andrew Trong Van Tram, Andrew Tuong, Anthony Dich Nguyen, Anthony Quynh Nam, Augustine Huy Viet Phan, Augustine Moi Van Nguyen, Augustine Schoffler, Bernard Due Van Vo, Dominic Hanh Van Nguyen, Dominic Henares, a Dominican bishop from Spain, Dominic Nicholas Dat Dinh, Dominic Trach Doai, Dominic Uy Van Bui, Dominic Xuyen Van Nguyen, Dominic Kham Viet Pham, Dominic Ninh, Dominic Cam, Dominic Huyen, Dominic Toai, Dominic Mau, Dominic Nhi, Dominic Nguyen, Dominic Mao, Emmanuel Trieu Van Nguyen, Francis Chieu Van Do, Francis Gil de Frederich, Francis Isidore Gagelin, Francis Jaccard, Francis Trung Von Tran, Francis Xavier Can Nguyen, Ignatius Delgado y Cebrián, Jacinto (Hyacinth) Casteñeda, a Dominican from Spain, James Nam, Jerome Hermosilla, John Baptist Con, John Charles Cornay, John Dat, John Hoan Trinh Doan, John Louis Bonnard, John Thanh Van Dinh, José María Díaz Sanjurjo, Joseph Canh Luang Hoang, Joseph Fernandez, Joseph Hien Quang Do, Joseph Khang Duy Nguyen, Joseph Luu Van Nguyen, Joseph Marchand, Joseph Nghi Kim, Joseph Thi Dang Le, Joseph Uyen Dinh Nguyen, Joseph Vien Dinh Dang, Joseph Khang, a local doctor, Joseph Tuc, Joseph Tuan Van Tran, Lawrence Ngon, Lawrence Huong Van Nguyen, Luke Loan Ba Vu, Luke Thin Viet Pham, Martin Tho, Martin Tinh Duc Ta, Matthew Alonzo Leziniana, Matthew Dac Phuong Nguyen, Matthew Gam Van Le, Melchor Garcia Sampedro, Michael HyDinh-Ho, Michael My Huy Nguyen, Nicholas Thé Duc Bui, Paul Hanh, Paul Khoan Khan Pham, Paul Loc Van Le, Paul Tinh Boa Le, Paul Tong Buong, Paul Duong, Peter Tuan, Peter Dung Van Dinh, Peter Da, Peter Duong Van Troung, Peter Francis Néron, Peter Hieu Van Nguyen, Peter Quy Cong Doan, Peter Thi Van Truong Pham, Peter Tuan Ba Nguyen, a fisherman, Peter Tuy Le, Peter Van Van Doan, Philip Minh Van Doan, Simon Hoa Dac Phan, Stephen Theodore Cuenot, a bishop from France, Stephen Vinh, Théophane Venard, from France, Thomas De Van Nguyen, Thomas Du Viet Dinh, Thomas Thien Tran, Thomas Toan, Thomas Khuong, Valentine Berriochoa, Vincent Liem the Nguyen, Vincent Duong, Vincent Tuong, a local judge, Vincent Yen Do
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