Catrine

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Nineteenth century mill workers' cottages in Bridge Street, Catrine

Catrine is a village in East Ayrshire, Scotland which was formerly a centre of cotton manufacture.

1 Geography
2 Transport
3 History
4 Famous people
5 Present day
6 External links

[edit] Geography

The village lies on the River Ayr which previously provided water power for local industry. It is in the parish of Sorn, 2 miles (3 km) south east of Mauchline.

[edit] Transport

The A76 road lies south west of Catrine. A railway branch line to Catrine (Glasgow & South Western Railway) was one of the last to be built in Scotland in the 20th century. Catrine's station opened in 1903. The line closed to scheduled passenger services in 1943, although it continued to be used for freight and the occasional enthusiast railtour until the 1960s when the line was closed.

[edit] History

Catrine was designed as a model village around one of the first cotton mills in Scotland in 1787 by Claude Alexander of Ballochmyle (Paymaster General in India) and David Dale. A plan of Catrine at that time shows the hamlet consisted of eleven buildings, including a smithy and corn mill.

In the beginning of the 19th century, the factory was purchased by Messrs James Finlay & Co., of Glasgow. In 1802, two artificial lochs, covering between them 120 acres, were constructed above Muirkirk, near the village of Glenbuck, to supply the cotton works. The business was greatly enlarged in 1823 when they added extensive bleaching works. The motive power for the works was supplied by wooden wheels, made from oak grown on Drumlanrig estate.

In 1828, the wooden wheels were replaced by two large iron wheels; steam engines of 500-horse power were later added as auxiliary. When constructed, the iron wheels were the largest in Britain. The diameter of each wheel was 50 feet, 157 feet in circumference, and 12 feet broad, or 11 feet within the buckets. There were 120 buckets on each wheel. Each bucket contained 11 cubic feet of water. The wheels made three revolutions per minute, and passed 360 buckets per minute, 3,960 cubic feet of water per wheel, 7,920 for the two, equal to 210 tons of water per minute. They were 500 nominal horsepower. These wheels were a tourist attraction in their day and continued in service until the 1940’s.

A new mill was completed in 1950 but closed some 20 years later. The old mill was destroyed by fire during its demolition in 1963. The new mill was used for several years as a large furniture warehouse, but was eventually demolished in 1980.

Iron Age rock art in the form of Cup and ring marks [1] have been found at nearby Ballochmyle.

[edit] Famous people

Nether Catrine House was the country seat of the philosopher Dugald Stewart, professor of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh University from 1785 and is located on the south bank of the River Ayr. It was here that the poet, Robert Burns, famously "dinner'd wi a lord".

[edit] Present day

Catrine today is a picturesque village of around 2500 inhabitants. The site of the former bleaching works of Messrs Finlay & Co. is now occupied by Glen Catrine Bond who bottle whisky & vodka and market them under a number of different brand names.

In 2006, the so-called Catrine Voes (the reservoirs to the former cotton works), the Radical Brae and the Chapel Brae were designated as a Local Nature Reserve. The weir, the reservoirs and other structures (lades, tunnels and suchlike) comprise a Scheduled Ancient Monument and are in the ownership of Catrine Community Trust (formerly Catrine Voes Trust),a charitable trust. Catrine Community Trust is actively engaged in seeking funding to conserve and restore these for future generations to enjoy.