Cataplexy
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| Cataplexy Classification and external resources |
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| ICD-10 | G47.4 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 347 |
| DiseasesDB | 16311 |
| MeSH | D002385 |
Cataplexy is a medical condition which often affects people who have narcolepsy, a disorder whose principal signs are EDS (Excessive Daytime Sleepiness), sleep attacks, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations[1] and disturbed night-time sleep. Cataplexy is sometimes confused with epilepsy, where a series of flashes or other stimuli cause superficially similar seizures. Cataplexy can also present as a side effect of SSRI Discontinuation Syndrome.
The term cataplexy originates from the Greek kata, meaning down, and plexis, meaning a stroke or seizure.
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[edit] Presentation
Cataplexy manifests itself as muscular weakness which may range from a barely perceptible slackening of the facial muscles to the dropping of the jaw or head, weakness at the knees, or a total collapse. Usually the speech is slurred, vision is impaired (double vision, inability to focus), but hearing and awareness remain normal. These attacks are triggered by strong emotions such as exhilaration, anger, fear, surprise, orgasm, awe, embarrassment and laughter. Cataplexy may be partial or complete, affecting a range of muscle groups, from those controlling facial features to (less commonly) those controlling the entire body. [2]
- Arm weakness
- Sagging jaw
- Drooping head
- Slumping of the shoulders
- Slurred speech
- Generalized weakness
- Knee buckling
When cataplexy happens often, or cataplexy attacks make patients fall or drop things, it can have serious affects on normal activities. It can cause accidents and be embarrassing when it happens at work or with friends. For example, narcoleptics may not pick up babies because they are afraid they may drop them. [3]
[edit] Treatment
Despite its relation to narcolepsy, in most cases, cataplexy must be treated differently and separate medication must be taken. For many years, cataplexy has been treated with tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine, clomipramine or protriptyline. However these can have unpleasant side-effects and so have been generally replaced by newer drugs such as venlafaxine, a more recent antidepressant. Xyrem, the brand-name of the compound (sodium)gamma-Hydroxybutyrate GHB, has been shown to treat not only cataplexic attacks, but in narcoleptics, it has also been shown to significantly reduce daytime sleepiness.[4] Monoamine oxidase inhibitors may be used to manage both cataplexy and the REM sleep-onset symptoms of sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations.[1]
A person's efforts to stave off cataplectic attacks by avoiding these emotions may greatly diminish their lives, and they may become severely restricted emotionally if diagnosis and treatment is not begun as soon as possible. [5]
[edit] Diagnosis
Cataplexy in severe cases can cause vital signs to be hard to detect without a continuous auditory pulse oximeter. As an anecdotal example, one Allison Burchell, a sufferer of severe Cataplexy, has been sent to the morgue three times.[6]
[edit] In the Media
Recently, The Learning Channel (TLC) aired an episode of "My Shocking Story: I Woke Up in a Morgue" which detailed several cases of cataplexy.
[edit] References
- ^ a b Narcolepsy. Childhood Sleep Disorders. Armenian Medical Network (2006). Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ Cataplexy. Sleep Disorders - Cataplexy (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ Cataplexy Introduction for Patients. Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ Black J, Houghton WC (2006). "Sodium oxybate improves excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy". Sleep 29 (7): 939–46. PMID 16895262.
- ^ Narcolepsy and Cataplexy. NODSS Narcolepsy and Overwhelming Daytime Sleep Society of Australia. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ "The woman who died three times", The Argus, 2000-10-18. Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
[edit] External links
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