Cassiques

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For similar terms, see Cacique (disambiguation).

Cassiques and Landgraves were pre-Revolutionary, English colonial titles of nobility in the "low lands" of South Carolina and Charleston, South Carolina in the late 1600s and 1700s. The Cassiques (also spelled caziques) were a placement of noble English subjects that were brought to power by the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina.

[edit] Identified Landgraves, Landgravines, and Cassiques, of colonial South Carolina

This is a list of identified South Carolina landgraves, landgravines (female version) and cassiques (female term unknown). Their "baronies" often had Native American names. Seemingly, only about half of this colonial South Carolina nobility ever reached its soil. One man was both Cassique and Landgrave. In some cases, the title seems to have been inherited.

  • Gov. John Archdale, Landgrave, Created 1694
  • Christopher Arthur, Esq., Landgrave/Cassique? (Created c1724, of "Cypress" Barony)
  • John Ashby, Esq., Cassique, "Quenby" (aka "Yadhaw"), Created 1682
  • Hon. Daniel Axtell, Sr., Landgrave, Created 1681
  • Hon. Holland Axtell, Landgrave, Created 1692
  • Lady Rebecca Pratt Axtel, Landgravine? (Of "Newington" Barony)
  • John Bailey, Esq., Landgrave, Created 1682 (Of "Otter Island" Barony)
  • John Bayley, Esq., Landgrave/Cassique? (16,200a "Hilton Head Island" Barony?)
  • Sir Edmund Bellinger, Sr., Landgrave, Created 1698 (Of "Tombodly" & "Ashepoo" Baronies)
  • Edmund Bellinger, Jr., Esq., Landgrave, Inherited c1705
  • Sir Edmund Bellinger, III, Landgrave, Inherited
  • Thomas Bellinger, Esq., Landgrave, Inherited
  • Col. Edward Berkerley (Fictional), Cassique, "Created" c1684 (Of [Fictional] "Kiawah" Barony)
  • Daniel Blake, Esq., Landgrave?, Inherited c1751
  • Gov. & Gen. Joseph Blake, Sr., Landgrave, Created 1696 ("Plainfield" Barony)
  • Col. Joseph Blake, Jr., Landgrave, Inherited c1700
  • Hon. James Carteret, Landgrave, Created 1670
  • Hon. John (Carteret?), Landgrave, Created c1718 (Of "Hobcaw" Barony)
  • Gov. James Colleton, Landgrave, Created 1670/71 (Of "Fairlawn" Barony)
  • Hon. Peter Colleton, Landgrave
  • Hon. Thomas Colleton, Sr., Landgrave, Created 1681 (Of "Cypres" Barony)
  • Hon. William Craven, Landgrave & Cassique
  • Deputy Gov. Robert Daniell, Landgrave, Created c1711 (Of "Winyah" Barony)
  • Dr. Christopher Dominick, Cassique
  • John Ffoster, Esq., Cassiqie, Created c1677/78
  • John Gibbs, Esq., Cassique, Created 1682
  • Hon. James Griffths, Landgrave, Created 1707 (Of "Port Royal" Barony)
  • Hon. ???? Griffiths, Landgrave, Inherited After 1707 (Father of James Griffiths)
  • Hon. William Hodgson, Landgrave & Cassique
  • Col. Samuel Horsey, Landgrave
  • Lady Mary Ketelby Johnston, Landgravine?, Inherited
  • Gov. Robert Johnston, Landgrave?
  • Gov. Sir Nathaniel Johnson, Landgrave & Cassique, Created 1686
  • Edward Juckes, Esq., Landgrave
  • Hon. Abel Ketelby, Sr., Landgrave, Created 1708/09
  • Gov. Richard Kyrle, Landgrave, Created 1684
  • Hon. John Locke, Landgrave, Created 1671
  • Gov. Philip Ludwell, Cassique
  • John Monke, Esq., Cassique, Created 1682/83
  • Gov. James Moore, Landgrave
  • Gov. Joseph Morre, Landgrave
  • Hon. Joseph Morton, I, Landgrave, Created 1681
  • Hon. Joseph Morton, II, Landgrave
  • Joseph Pendarvis, Esq., Landgrave? (Often incorrectly designated Landgrave)
  • Col. Andrew Percival, Landgrave?, Created c1677
  • Gov. John Price, Landgrave
  • Maj. Thomas Rowe, Cassique, Created 1682
  • Lady Statira Elizabeth Farquarson Johnston Rundell, Landgravine? (Inherited?)
  • Henry Smith, Esq., Landgrave, Inherited
  • John Smith, Esq., Cassique, Created 1682 ("Boo-shoo" Barony)
  • Col. Joseph Smith, Landgrave, Inherited ("Wiskinboo" Barony)
  • Gov. Thomas Smith, Jr., Cassique & Landgrave (Smith's barony may have included Smith's/Bald Head Island, N.C.)
  • Hon. Thomas Smith, Jr., Landgrave
  • Gov. Seth Sothell, Landgrave (title "Suspended")
  • Hon. Joseph West, Landgrave, Created 1684
  • Capt. Henry Wilkinson, Cassique, Created 1681
  • Edward Willimot, Esq., Landgrave (title "Suspended")
  • Lady Elizabeth Bellinger Wright, Landgravine?, Inherited
  • John Wyche, Esq., Landgrave, Created Prior to 1701
  • Gov. John Yeamans, Landgrave, Created 1671

[edit] Notes

The South Carolina term "low lands" or "low Country" would, in the state of Virginia, be called "tidewater".

[edit] Sources