Caspase 1

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (interleukin 1 beta convertase)
PDB rendering based on 1bmq.
Available structures: 1bmq, 1ibc, 1ice, 1rwk, 1rwm, 1rwn, 1rwo, 1rwp, 1rwv, 1rww, 1rwx, 1sc1, 1sc3, 1sc4, 2fqq, 2h48, 2hbq, 2hbr, 2hby, 2hbz
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	CASP1; ICE; IL1BC; P45
External IDs	OMIM: 147678 MGI: 96544 HomoloGene: 7653
Gene ontology Molecular Function: • signal transducer activity • protein binding • cysteine-type peptidase activity • caspase activator activity • caspase activity Cellular Component: • intracellular Biological Process: • proteolysis • signal transduction • regulation of apoptosis • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	834	12362
Ensembl	n/a	ENSMUSG00000025888
Uniprot	n/a	P29452
Refseq	NM_001223 (mRNA) NP_001214 (protein)	NM_009807 (mRNA) NP_033937 (protein)
Location	n/a	Chr 9: 5.3 - 5.31 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

Caspase 1 is an enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins, such as the precursor forms of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1-β and interleukin 18, into active mature peptides.^[1] It belongs to a family of cysteine proteases known as caspases that always cleave proteins following an aspartic acid residue. Caspase 1 is produced as a zymogen that is cleaved into 20 kDa (p20) and 10 kDa (p10) subunits that become part of the active enzyme. Active caspase 1 contains two heterodimers of p20 and p10. It interacts with another CARD domain containing protein called PYCARD (or ASC) and is involved in inflammasome formation and activation of inflammatory processes.^[2]

Caspase 1 has been shown to induce cell apoptosis and may function in various developmental stages. Studies of a similar protein in mouse suggest a role in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. Alternative splicing of the gene results in five transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.^[3]

[edit] References

1. ^ Thornberry N, Bull H, Calaycay J, Chapman K, Howard A, Kostura M, Miller D, Molineaux S, Weidner J, Aunins J (1992). "A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin-1 beta processing in monocytes". Nature 356 (6372): 768–74. doi:10.1038/356768a0. PMID 1574116. 
2. ^ Mariathasan S, Newton K, Monack D, Vucic D, French D, Lee W, Roose-Girma M, Erickson S, Dixit V (2004). "Differential activation of the inflammasome by caspase-1 adaptors ASC and Ipaf". Nature 430 (6996): 213–8. doi:10.1038/nature02664. PMID 15190255. 
3. ^ Entrez Gene: CASP1 caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (interleukin 1, beta, convertase).

This protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.