Cartilage glycoprotein 39

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"gp-39" redirects here. For other uses, see gp-39 (disambiguation).

chondrex, or chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), Cartilage glycoprotein-39 (gp-39)or Chondrocyte protein YKL-40 is one of the major secreted proteins of ex vivo cultured human articular chondrocytes, synovial cells, and macrophages and also expressed by mature neutrophils (from myelocyte-metamyelocyte stage). High levels of YKL-40 are found in synovial fluid from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in the hippocampus of schizophrenic patients[1]. YKL-40 belongs to the 18-glycosyl hydrolase (mammalian chitinase) family, and is one of the putative autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High levels of YKL-40 are found in synovial fluid from patients with active RA. The name 'YKL' stands for its N-terminal tripeptide sequence, and unlike the other member YKL39 (CHITINASE 3-LIKE 2 or CHI3L2; CHONDROCYTE PROTEIN 39) which is unglycosylated, YKL40 is glycosylated. Unlike YKL-40, YKL39 is upregulated in Osteoarthritis but not in rheumatoid arthritis[2].

Though its function is not clearly understood yet, its most likely function is related to remodeling or degradation of the extracellular matrix. It is also supposed to act as a cellular survival (anti-apoptotis), cell growth and migration factor in response to various types of physiologic stress, such as inflammation, hypoxia, and nutrient deprivation, possibly acts by its inhibition of the stress sensor enzyme MAP3K5 (APOPTOSIS SIGNAL-REGULATING KINASE 1, ASK1). In Neutrophils YKL-40 was found to colocalize and comobilize with lactoferrin in the "specific granules".

[edit] References

  1. ^ AU: Carmen Chung, Teresa Tallerico, Philip Seeman TI: Schizophrenia hippocampus has elevated expression of chondrex glycoprotein gene SO: Synapse VL: 50 NO: 1 PG: 29-34 YR: 2003 CP: Copyright © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ON: 1098-2396 PN: 0887-4476 AD: Department of Pharmacology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada DOI: 10.1002/syn.10228 US: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/syn.10228
  2. ^ Knorr, T, Obermayr, F, Bartnik, E, Zien, A, Aigner, T YKL-39 (chitinase 3-like protein 2), but not YKL-40 (chitinase 3-like protein 1), is up regulated in osteoarthritic chondrocytes Ann Rheum Dis 2003 62: 995-998
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