Caroline M. Nichols Churchill

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Caroline Nichols Churchill (1833-1926) came from Chicago to California in 1870 in an attempt to fix her consumption-induced ailing health. Active in local politics, Churchill played a vital role in defeating the Holland Social Evil Bill. By drawing up a satirical bill to "regulate and control immoral men," (similar to the proposed one regarding women), and getting it circulated among the legislature, Churchill made a mockery of Holland's Bill. Her tactics were mimicked in Denver, Colorado as well.

Churchill published two collections of travel writings focusing on California, Little Sheaves (1874) and Over the Purple Hills (1881) and established the monthly publication, the Colorado Antelope, which was changed to a weekly by the name of Queen Bee in 1879.