Carlos Marighella

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Carlos Marighella
Date of birth:	December 5, 1911(1911-12-05)
Place of birth:	Salvador, Brazil
Date of death:	November 4, 1969 (aged 57)
Place of death:	São Paulo, Brazil
Major organizations:	Ação Libertadora Nacional

Carlos Marighella (5 December 1911 – 4 November 1969), was a Brazilian guerrilla revolutionary and Marxist writer. Marighella's most famous contribution to guerrilla literature was the Minimanual Of The Urban Guerrilla, consisting of advice on how to disrupt and overthrow authority with an aim to revolution. He also wrote For the Liberation of Brazil. The theories laid out in both books have greatly influenced modern ideological activism. Unlike Che Guevara who proposed guerrilla activity taking shape in the villages, Marighela's theories on urban guerrilla warfare envisaged cities as the spring of rebellion.

Marighella was born in Salvador, Bahia, to Italian immigrants of humble status. Before his advocacy and participation in guerrilla warfare he worked both as a Brazilian legislator, and as a leader of the nationalist Communist party, ultimately joining its executive committee. Marighella was imprisoned in 1932 and again from 1939 to 1942. He was expelled from the Communist party following his harsh criticism aimed against the reformist policies and also due to his affiliation with Castro's Cuba. He played a crucial role in the formation of ALN, a hardline revolutionary group which aimed to attack the military dictatorship and counter the state terrorism through revolutionary means. His participation in robberies and kidnappings ultimately provoked the state authorities^[1] and he was shot by police in an ambush at 8pm on 4 November 1969 at number 800, Alameda Casa Branca, São Paulo.