Cardiology
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Cardiology is the branch of internal medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. The field is commonly divided in the branches of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology. Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are called cardiologists. Cardiologists should not be confused with cardiac surgeons who are surgeons who perform cardiac surgery - operative procedures on the heart and great vessels.
The term cardiology is derived from the Greek word καρδιά (transliterated as kardia and meaning heart or inner self).
[edit] The heart
[edit] Cardiac pacemaker (Electrical system of the heart)
- Electrical conduction system of the heart
- Sinoatrial node
- Atrioventricular node
- Bundle of His
- Purkinje fibers
[edit] Basic cardiac physiology
[edit] Disorders of the heart
[edit] Disorders of the coronary circulation
- Atherosclerosis
- Restenosis
- Coronary heart disease (Ischaemic heart disease, Coronary artery disease)
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Angina
- Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)
[edit] Sudden cardiac death (The abrupt cessation of blood flow, leading to death)
[edit] Treatment of sudden cardiac death
[edit] Disorders of the myocardium (muscle of the heart)
- Cardiomyopathy
- Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- Nonischemic cardiomyopathy
- Amyloid cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS))
- Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
- Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (Transient apical ballooning, stress-induced cardiomyopathy)
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Congestive heart failure
- Ventricular hypertrophy
- Primary tumors of the heart
- Myocardial rupture
[edit] Disorders of the pericardium (outer lining of the heart)
[edit] Disorders of the heart valves
- Aortic valve disorders
- Mitral valve disorders
- Pulmonary valve disorders
- Congenital pulmonic stenosis
- Tricuspid valve disorders
[edit] Disorders of the electrical system of the heart (Cardiac electrophysiology)
- Tachycardia
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Supraventricular tachycardia (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles)
- Atrial fibrillation
- Atrial flutter
- Atrial tachycardia
- Sick sinus syndrome (Tachy-Brady syndrome)
- AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
- Bigeminy
- Premature ventricular contraction
- Ventricular tachycardia
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Bundle branch block
- Heart block
- Supraventricular tachycardia (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles)
- Specific diseases of the electrical system of the heart
[edit] Inflammation and infection of the heart
[edit] Congenital heart disease
- Atrial septal defect
- Ventricular septal defect
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Bicuspid aortic valve
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Transposition of the great vessels (TGV)
- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
[edit] Diseases of blood vessels (Vascular diseases)
- Vasculitis
- Atherosclerosis
- Aneurysm
- Varicose veins
- Economy class syndrome
- Diseases of the aorta
- Diseases of the carotid arteries
[edit] Procedures done for coronary artery disease
- Percutaneous coronary intervention
- Atherectomy
- Angioplasty (PTCA)
- Stenting
- Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)
- Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP)
[edit] Devices used in cardiology
- Stethoscope
- Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm
- Devices used to maintain blood pressure
[edit] Diagnostic tests and procedures
- Blood tests
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
- Cardiac stress test
- Auscultation (Listening with the Stethoscope)
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- Ambulatory Holter monitor
- Electrophysiologic study
- Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure cuff)
- Cardiac enzymes
- Coronary catheterization
- Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve (FFRmyo)
- IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)
[edit] Cardiac pharmaceutical agents
The followings are medications commonly prescribed in cardiology:
- Antiarrhythmic agents
- Type I (sodium channel blockers)
- Type Ia
- Type Ib
- Type Ic
- Type II (beta blockers)
- Type III (potassium channel blockers)
- Type IV (slow calcium channel blockers)
- Type V
- Type I (sodium channel blockers)
- ACE inhibitors
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- Beta blocker
- Calcium channel blocker
[edit] See also
- Interventional cardiology
- Clinical cardiac electrophysiology
- Heart Failure Society of America
- American Heart Association
- National Heart Foundation of Australia
[edit] External links
- Cardiology News
- European Society of Cardiology
- U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH) : Heart and Circulation
- American College of Cardiology
- Coronary heart disease
- Virtual Cardiac Centre - latest comprehensive information on the field of Cardiology.
- Cardiovascular Physiology - comprehensive explanation of basic concepts in cardiology.
- Preventive Cardiology
- A cardiac atlas using CMR images
- search for cardiologists in the US
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