Calenardhon

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In J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth, Calenardhon was the place which became Rohan.

Calenardhon was a region of plains and rolling hills in the northern reaches of Gondor, and it never had a large population during the early times of the Third Age due to its remote location. The Great Plague of 1636 left the province virtually deserted and it was thereafter neglected by the rulers of Gondor. During the rule of the Steward Cirion, Gondor faced a series of attacks by the Balchoth raiders, and Calenardhon was overrun. Cirion sent messages for help to Gondor's old allies, including the Éothéod, to help defend Gondor.

Eorl the Young, leader of the Éothéod, answered the call, and helped Gondor defeat the Balchoth at the Battle of the Field of Celebrant. In gratitude, Cirion granted all Calenardhon east of the River Isen to the Éothéod.

After the Éothéod settled in Calenardhon, the land became known as Rohan or the Riddermark, and the Éothéod became known as the Rohirrim.