Caecilia Metella
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Caecilia Metella was the name of all women in the Caecilii Metelli family, since feminine names were taken from the father's gens and cognomen declined in the female form.
The written sources of Roman history cite at least four women called Caecilia Metella. The famous tomb of Caecilia Metella on the Appian Way belongs to a fifth Caecilia Metella.
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[edit] Dalmatica
Caecilia Metella Dalmatica (died around 80 BC) was daughter of Lucius Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus, Pontifex Maximus in 115 BC. Dalmatica's first marriage, as a young matrona, was to Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, an aging politician at the peak of his power. The patrician Scaurus was princeps senatus (president of the Senate) and a traditional ally of her family. Dalmatica bore Scaurus two children: Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (II) and Aemilia Scaura, second wife of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. Following Scaurus' death, Dalmatica married Lucius Cornelius Sulla. In 86 BC, Gaius Marius obtained his seventh consulship and outlawed his political enemies, ordering confiscation of property and several persecutions. Sulla, at the time in the East fighting king Mithridates VI of Pontus, was at the top of the list. Dalmatica was forced to abandon Rome and met Sulla in Greece. There, she gave birth to the twins Faustus Cornelius Sulla and Fausta (married Titus Annius Milo, praetor in 54 BC). In 81 BC, following a brief civil war with the last of Marius' supporters, Sulla entered Rome and was appointed dictator. Again, Dalmatica followed her husband and became Rome's "First Lady." She died around 80 BC. Ignoring the anti-luxury laws that he drafted himself, Sulla organized a spectacular state funeral for her.
[edit] Balearica
Caecilia Metella Balearica Major, elder daughter of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Balearicus, was a Vestal Virgin and a Priestess of the Goddess Juno Sospita. By her influence, the young Gaius Julius Caesar was saved from the rage of her brother-in-law, the Dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix, who had sentenced him to death for refusing to divorce his wife Cinnilla|. She was also later the protectress of Sextus Roscius, defended famously by Cicero and her nephews Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer and Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos Iunior in the celebrated defense Pro Roscius.[citation needed]
Caecilia Metella Balearica Minor (died 89 BC) was the second daughter of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Balearicus, consul in 123 BC. Her oldest sister was a Vestal virgin. Balearica was married to Appius Claudius Pulcher, a politician of an old, although somewhat impoverished, patrician family. As a member of an important family and married into another, Balearica was one of Rome's most esteemed matronas. She had a reputation of virtue and modesty, allied to an irreproachable conduct as a mother of two boys (Appius and Gaius) and three girls (Claudia Prima, Claudia Secunda, and Claudia Tertulla - this one known to history as Clodia). While pregnant with her sixth child, Balearica had a dream of Juno complaining about the neglect of her temple. As any other Roman would, she took the dream very seriously and proceeded to clean the temple herself, with the help of the censor Lucius Julius Caesar. Shortly afterwards, Balearica died in childbirth. Her youngest son was to be the notorious Publius Clodius.
[edit] Calva
Caecilia Metella Calva was daughter of Lucius Caecilius Metellus Calvus, consul in 142 BC, and sister of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus. She was married to Lucius Licinius Lucullus, praetor 104BC. Instead of playing the role of a virtuous married woman, Calva engaged in a succession of scandalous affairs, mostly with slaves, that eventually led to divorce. She was the mother of Lucius Licinius Lucullus (consul in 74 BC) and Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus (consul in 73 BC).
[edit] Cretica
Caecilia Metella , or Caecilia Metella Cretica (fl. 69 BC) was daughter of the consul Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus, who was consul 69 BC, and a daughter-in-law of Crassus, apparently married to his second surviving son Marcus. Her son was Marcus Licinius Crassus Dives (consul 30 BC), who was the first imperial consul to be denied a triumph or the Spolia opima by Augustus as part of a deliberate policy to stress the importance of the emperor and reduce that of individual generals. This Caecilia Metella appears to have been rather different from the other more famous Caecilia Metellas, in that she lived and died in obscurity apart from her famous son and her tomb.
[edit] Celer's daughter
Caecilia Metella Celer was daughter of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer by his wife, the notorious Clodia. In 53 BC, Metella Celer was married to Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, a conservative politician, allied to her father's family. Like her mother, Metella did not content herself with a simple married life. Briefly after the wedding she started an affair with Publius Cornelius Dolabella, a man of the opposite political spectrum. Spinther divorced her in 45 BC in the midst of a huge scandal. Marcus Tullius Cicero bitterly discusses the affair in his letters, because at the time, his daughter Tullia was Dolabella's wife.
Metella went back to her family in absolute disgrace. She was still in her twenties and very beautiful. Her cousins did not hesitate in using her for political conspiracies. Metella seduced several of Julius Caesar's intimate friends, in order to get the family name cleared after the defeat of the Optimates in the battles of Pharsalus and Munda. Amongst her non-political lovers is the poet Ticida, who wrote about Metella, giving her the name of Perilla. Her last known lover was one Aesopo, a wealthy member of the equites, who supported the Caecilii Metellii for a few years. Her date of death is unknown.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
Media related to Cecilia Metella (Mausoleo) from the Wikimedia Commons.
