Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham

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Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham
Manufacturer	General Motors
Production	1947–1996
Successor	Cadillac Sixty Special
Class	Full-size luxury car
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

The Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham was a large automobile produced from 1947 through 1996. The name combined two famous Cadillac trim lines, Fleetwood and Brougham, and was intended to signify the finest that the maker could produce.

Contents 1 1947-1954 2 1955-1964 3 1965-1976 4 1977-1979 5 1980-1992 5.1 Engines 6 1993-1996 7 References

[edit] 1947-1954

First generation
Production	1947–1948
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

Second generation
Production	1949–1954
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

The first Cadillac to bear the name was the 1947 Fleetwood Brougham, with a sedan version and with a coupe version and with a limousine appearing in 1947.

Part of the Cadillac Series 60 line, it was a closed, two-door coupé, two-door convertible, 4-door sedan, and a 4-door limousine was Cadillac's first pillarless hardtop and convertible besides the Coupe DeVille and Sedan DeVille. Intended as a prestige model, at $3,497 it was one of the most expensive models of the Series 62 line. It was luxuriously trimmed, with leather upholstery and chrome 'bows' in the headliner to simulate the ribs of a convertible top. The first-year Fleetwood Brougham were sold 2,150 units, but 1950 sales were more than double, and 1951 more than doubled those of the previous year.

For 1951, major styling changes were performed. The cars were lower and sleeker, with longer hoods, and one-piece windshields were fitted. The Series 61 was again a short wheelbase model, having been reduced to 122 in.

The Series 61 was discontinued in the middle of the 1951 model year due to lagging sales.

The 1953 Fleetwood Brougham was a special-bodied, low-production convertible (532 units in total). It was the production version of the 1952 Fleetwood Brougham "Golden Anniversary" concept car. Available in four unique colors (Aztec Red, Alpine White, Azure Blue and Artisan Ochre — the latter is a yellow hue, although it was shown erroneously as black in the color folder issued on this rare model). Convertible tops were available in either black or white Orlon. There was no special badging on the car, other than the "Fleetwood Brougham" nameplate, in "gold", in the center of the dash. A hard tonneau cover, flush with the rear deck, hid the top in the open car version. Although it was based on the regular Series 62 convertible and shared its engine, it was nearly twice as expensive at US$7,750.

This first Fleetwood Brougham had a wraparound windshield and a cut-down beltline, the latter signifying a dip in the sheetmetal at the bottom of the side windows. These two touches were especially beloved by General Motors Styling Chief Harley Earl and subsequently were widely copied by other marques. In fact, throughout the 1950s, Fleetwood Broughams was GM's styling leader, and since GM led the industry, where the Fleetwood Brougham went, everyone else would tend to follow.

In 1954, Fleetwood Brougham lost its unique sheet metal, sharing its basic body shell with standard Cadillacs. Distinguished now mainly by trim pieces, this allowed GM to lower the price and they were rewarded with a substantial jump in sales.

The original Fleetwood Brougham was simply a more-upscale trim line than the Sixty Special, with tray tables and footrests in the rear.

[edit] 1955-1964

Third generation
Production	1955–1958
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

Fourth generation
Production	1959–1964
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

For 1955, the Fleetwood Broughams body gained its own rear end styling with high, slender, pointed tailfins. These contrasted with the rather thick, bulbous fins which were common at the time and were an example of Fleetwood Brougham once again pointing the way forward.

In 1956 the Fleetwood Brougham was joined by the Sedan de Ville, a four-door hardtop sedan and the Coupe de Ville a two-door hardtop coupe and a two-door convertible coupe. The Sedan de Ville would ultimately outlive its two-door predecessor. For 1956, a two-door hardtop coupé version appeared, called the Eldorado Seville.

1957 saw the base Fleetwood Brougham and Seville coupe once again present an innovative rear-end design, a low, downswept fenderline capped by a pointed, in-board fin. The rear fenders were commonly referred to as "chipmunk cheeks". This concept was used for two years, but did not spawn any imitators.

1957 was chiefly notable, though, for the introduction of one of GM's most memorable designs, the Eldorado Brougham. This four-door hardtop with rear-opening rear doors was an ultra-luxury car that cost an astonishing $13,000+, more than the Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud of the same year. It featured a stainless steel roof, air suspension, the first dual headlights, the first memory power seats, and every possible kind of appearance and convenience feature that GM's most inventive minds could devise. This design ran for two years and of course sold in very small quantities (704 units in total) owing to the price. It has been estimated that GM lost $10,000 on every one, but these virtually hand-assembled cars are today among the rarest and most collectible of all postwar American models.

A different Eldorado Brougham was sold for 1959 and 1960. These cars were not quite so extravagantly styled but were very unusual pieces in themselves. Priced at $13,075, they cost $1 more, each, than their older siblings. The design was 100% Cadillac but the company contracted out the assembly to Pininfarina of Italy, with whom the division has had a long-running relationship, and these Eldorado Broughams were essentially hand-built in Italy. Their discreet, narrow taillights, nicely integrated into modest tailfins, contrasted sharply with the "rocketship" taillights and massive fins of the standard 1959 Cadillacs and were an indication of where Caddy styling would go in the next few years. However, build quality was not nearly to the standard of the Detroit hand-built 1957–1958's, and the 1959–1960 Broughams are less desirable, it seems, than the 1st generation Broughams, although their value and collectibility remain high.

In 1959 the Fleetwood line was separated in a distinct Series 63.

[edit] 1965-1976

Fifth generation
Production	1965–1968
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

Sixth generation
Production	1969–1970
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

Seventh generation
Production	1971–1973
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

Eighth generation
Production	1974–1976
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

Beginning in 1965, Fleetwood Brougham denoted Cadillac's flagship model, above the Calais and the DeVille.

Performance was sprightly, with 0-60 mph (0-96 km/h) in less than nine seconds, although the standard drum brakes were inadequate (disc brakes were optional in 1965 and standard starting in 1966). Sales were excellent despite high list prices.

For 1968 the Fleetwood Brougham gained slight exterior changes to comply with new federal safety and emissions legislation, and as with the rest of the Cadillac lineup, a new 472 in³ (7.7 L) V8 engine rated at 375 hp (sae gross). In 1969 it lost its hidden headlamps and picked up as options a halo vinyl roof and later in the model year a power sunroof option. For the 1970 model year, this body style Fleetwood Brougham introduced the new 500 in³ 8.2 L V8 engine (rated sae gross 400 hp/550 ft·lbf in 1970) that would be a Fleetwood Brougham exclusive until it became standard on all full size Cadillacs for model years 1970 through 1976.

For 1965, the Eldorado and Sixty Special officially became part of the Fleetwood line along with the Seventy-Five. In 1966, Fleetwood Brougham became a separate model line.

The Fleetwood Brougham, like other Cadillacs, grew substantially larger and more powerful from 1949 through the early 1970s. By 1973 it was 4 inches (102 mm) longer in wheelbase, 17 in (432 mm) longer overall, and more than 900 lb (400 kg) heavier, and its standard V8 engine had grown from 331 in³ (5.4 L) to 472 in³ (7.7 L).

The Fleetwood Brougham remained a 'B' pillared hardtop with frameless doors from 1965 through the 1976 model year. 1965 through 1967 models had window vents on all 4 doors. this means a total of 8 side windows. 1968 dropped these vents on the front doors. 1969 dropped them on back doors.

[edit] 1977-1979

Ninth generation
Production	1977–1984
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

In 1977 GM significantly "down-sized" their full sized cars. The Sedan deVille, Coupe de Ville and Fleetwood Brougham now all rode on the same 121.5" wheelbase and were all powered by the 425 cubic inch (7.0L) V8. This engine was basically a de bored version of the 472/500 (7.9L/8.2L) V8 of previous years. Compared with the 1976 model, the Fleetwood Brougham lost 11.5" of wheelbase and about 750 lb (340kg).

The Fleetwood Brougham was still considered the top of the line Cadillac but was nearly identical to a lesser Sedan de Ville. Other than the name, the only exterior differences between a Fleetwood Brougham and Sedan de Ville were the hubcaps and the hood ornament, (the Fleetwood had a wreath and crest, the de Ville had just a crest) The interior of the Fleetwood was more plush and offered more features as standard.

[edit] 1980-1992

Tenth generation
Production	1980–1992
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

Eleventh generation
Production	1989–1992
Body style(s)	2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door sedan 4-door limousine

In 1980 the Sedan deVille, Coupe de Ville and Fleetwood Brougham were given a new body style with a squarer look and more formal roof line. The 121.5" wheelbase and basic dashboard design were retained.

The 425 in³ (7.0 L) engine, a reduced bore 472, was further debored for 1980-1981 to 368 cubic inches or 6.0 liters. For 1981, the 368 was provided with a modulated displacement system designed by Eaton Corporation, controlled by a digital computer, which locked off intake and exhaust valves to 2 or 4 of the 8 cylinders, thus running effectively as a V6 or V4 under light load conditions where in third gear, and over 35 miles per hour. This engine was called the "V8-6-4", and its electronics and sensors proved troublesome and, except for limousines, this engine was dropped after 1981. The engine's controls and sensors were a stretch for the computer power of the era.

Both the 425 and 368 are small-bore versions of the durable 472 (which was introduced in late 1967 for the '68 model year). The larger 500 had the 472's bore but a longer stroke. This engine family was the last Cadillac cast-iron engine, and the last 'big-block'.

All companion subsequent engines in this model series (1977-1996) were from Buick (the shortlived 252 in³ / 4.1 liter V6), Oldsmobile (the 350 diesel and 307 gasoline V8), Chevrolet (the 305 and 350 V8s) and of course Cadillac itself, with its troublesome "HT4100" small block V8, an alloy unit with cast iron cylinder liners.

In 1985 Cadillac introduced brand new, front-wheel drive platform. This is where the Cadillac Fleetwood was split from the Fleetwood Brougham. Cadillac put the Sedan de Ville, Coupe de Ville, and Fleetwood (two and four door) on this platform. This car featured two "firsts"; It had the first transverse mounted V8 ever (the HT4100) and it was the first car to have a high mounted stop-lamp that was mandated for the 1986 model year. You can read more about this completely different car on the Cadillac Fleetwood page.

The full size 1985 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham continued on nearly unchanged from the 1984 model. For 1985 the Fleetwood Brougham two door was dropped. In 1986 the troublesome HT4100 V8 was replaced with an Oldsmobile sourced 307 cubic inch (5.0L) V8.

In 1990 the Fleetwood Brougham was renamed Cadillac Brougham and was given its first noticeable facelift since 1980. It featured composite headlights, wrap around front bumper, rocker panel cladding and clear/white tail lamps. It was available with a Chevrolet sourced 350 cubic inch (5.7L) L05 V8

[edit] Engines

• 1980-1984 368 in³ (6.0 L) Cadillac L62 V8-6-4 V8, 140 hp (104 kW) (Limo/Commercial only after 1981)
• 1980-1985 350 in³ (5.7 L) Oldsmobile LF9 Diesel V8, 105 hp (78 kW)
• 1981-1982 252 in³ (4.1 L) Buick V6, 125 hp (93 kW)
• 1982-1985 250 in³ (4.1 L) Cadillac HT-4100 V8, 125 hp (93 kW)
• 1986-1990 307 in³ (5.0 L) Oldsmobile V8 140hp 255tq 1991-1992
• 1990-1992 350 in³ (5.7L) L05 Chevrolet V8 175hp 295tq (1990) 180hp 300tq (1991-1992) (optional)
• 1991-1992 305 in³ (5.0L) LO3 Chevrolet V8 170hp 255tq (standard)

[edit] 1993-1996

Twelfth Generation
Production	1993–1996
Body style(s)	4-door sedan 4-door limousine

For 1993, the Fleetwood and Fleetwood Brougham was redesigned and both now rode on the venerable 121.5" D-body platform. This is the same platform that Cadillac had been using for their full size, rear drive cars since 1977.

The difference between the Fleetwood and Fleetwood Brougham were minor trim variations. Fleetwood Broughams had full vinyl tops, smooth wheels with half moon cutouts, rear seat lighted vanity mirrors and more standard equipment. The Fleetwood had a painted metal roof, lacy wheel pattern and was available with a cloth interior. The easiest way to differentiate the two was to look for the presence of a vinyl top. Most Limo versions of this car were just a Fleetwood and most had a vinyl top added by the coachmaker.

The 1993 Fleetwood and Fleetwood Brougham was powered by a 180 hp Chevrolet 350 (5.7 L) V8.

The 1994 -1996 Fleetwood Broughams were powered by the new 260 hp (201 kW) 330 lbf·ft (447 N·m LT1 Chevrolet 350 V8, derived from the Chevrolet Corvette and shared with the Chevrolet Impala SS, Chevrolet Caprice 9C1, and Buick Roadmaster and are much faster than the 1993 models.

The Cadillac Fleetwood, along with its B-Body stablemates, was retired by General Motors in December of 1996 to make way for Chevy Suburban and Tahoe production.

[edit] References

• Arthur St. Antoine (April 1989). "Cadillac Fleetwood Road Test". Car and Driver 34 (10): 55–61. 

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Type	1930s										1940s										1950s										1960s										1970s										1980s
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Entry-level							60				61			WWII			61																																				Cimarron
	355						70/80					62					Series 62													6200						Calais
Mid-size																																														Seville
Full-size								65												Coupe de Ville/Sedan DeVille
									60S								Sixty Special Fleetwood																									Flwd60S							Fleetwood
Limousine	355						72/75/85										Series 75											6700								Fleetwood 75												FL			FB						Brougham
Personal Luxury																								Eldorado
Roadster																																																										Allanté
Halo	V-16																											Brougham