| Deletions |
Additions |
| Siddhartha Gautama in Pali |
|
| "originated in India" |
"[Buddha] lived in northern India" |
| "spread throughout Asia, etc.", specific countries |
"spread into... [regions of Asia] and Eastern Europe" |
| unusual among world religions |
"what is religion?" |
| "does not involve the worship of gods" |
"some Buddhist schools associate with them via ritual" |
| "does not deny the existence of gods or other higher beings" |
"does not deny the existence of supernatural beings" |
|
supernatural beings also in samsara |
| Dhammapada quote |
|
|
708 million followers |
|
two main branches |
|
Pali canon vs. Mahayana sutras |
|
definition of sutra |
|
different vinayas |
|
Mahayana vs. Hinayana |
|
division by language |
|
Vajrayana |
|
Zen/Chan |
| "The aim of these practices is to put an end to suffering and achieve enlightenment" |
"The aim of Buddhist practice is to end [samsara]... by awakening the practitioner to the realization of true reality, the achievement of liberation" |
| nirvana defined as "extinguishing" |
nirvana defined as "liberation" |
| "For the Buddha, the key to liberation was mental purity and correct understanding" |
"To [end the cycle], one should purify and train the mind and act according to the laws of karma" |
|
definition of karma |
|
Mahayana viewpoint: "Eventually... the conditioned realm of karma needs to be transcended altogether" |
|
Great Perfection |
|
sila, prajna |
| varieties of meditation |
|
| "Buddhists use such techniques to gain insight" |
|
| Deletions |
Additions |
| "Legend has it" |
"there are many different stories" |
|
Siddartha Gautama in Devanagari, Pali, and pronunciation |
|
Shakyamuni |
|
specific Theravada legend |
| 6th century BCE |
566 BCE |
|
Suddhodana a chief, not a king |
|
Maya's dream |
|
Siddhartha's birth |
|
"He immediately took seven steps toward each quarter of heaven..." |
|
Maya passed away shortly after giving birth |
| "escorted by his attendant Channa" |
|
| "for uncounted aeons" |
"since beginningless time" |
| "It is said that he stole out of the house in the dead of night" |
|
| asceticism in Jainism |
|
| "He became a skeleton covered with skin, surviving on a single grain of rice per day, and practiced holding his breath." |
|
| "Perhaps [meditation] would provide an alternative to the dead end of self-mortification?" |
|
| "[the Bodhi tree], under which he would be shaded [from the sun]" |
|
| "This new way of practicing" |
"He developed a new way of meditating" |
|
"[six years since he began his quest] in search of a solution to an end of suffering [he attained enlightenment]" |
|
Bihar |
|
Ayacana Sutta |
|
near Benares |
|
first sermon and first sangha |
| "Historically speaking, there are questions about this story." |
|
| "there are other stories of his life which do not exactly match" |
"In other versions of his life story" |
| "country of Magadha where he was born" |
"state of Shakya where he was born" |
|
Suddhodana not a king redux |
|
influence of Jain culture |
|
penances |
|
Jainism well established by time of Buddhist writings |
|
24 previous Buddhas identical to Jain Tirthankaras |
|
dialogues between Gautama Buddha and Niganthas |
|
Prakrit terminology shared between Jainism and Buddhism |
|
familiar terms |
|
appeal to a broad audience |
| see also Earliest Buddhism |
|
| Deletions |
Additions |
|
five precepts ↔ training rules |
| "Laypeople generally undertake five precepts." |
"Laypeople generally undertake (at least one of) five precepts." |
|
commandments vs. precepts |
|
rationale for first precept |
|
uniqueness of and rationale for fifth precept |
|
generality of precepts |
|
The Scripture of Brahma's Net |
|
background of third precept |
| "monks and nuns of most countries [observe the patimokkha]" |
"monks and nuns of the Theravada school [observe the patimokkha]" |
| Deletions |
Additions |
|
buddha in Devanagari and pronunciation |
| "not just a single religious leader" |
"not just the historical Buddha Shakyamuni" |
| "...lineage of Buddhas, which stretches back into the dim recesses of the past and forward into the distant horizons of the future" |
"...lineage of Buddhas, which is thought to extend beyond history into the past and into the indefinite future" |
|
godhood in Mahayana sutras |
| "He claimed to be ... a teacher to guide those who choose to listen." |
"He is instead dharma ... made manifest." |
| "A Buddha is any human being who..." |
"A Buddha is anyone who..." |
| "fully awakened, ... transformed [beyond samsara by insight], ... and enabled to help others achieve the same enlightenment" |
"fully awakened, ... liberated [from samsara], ... eradicated all negative qualites and developed all positive qualities, possibly including omniscience" |
|
Buddhas do not claim omnipotence; contrast with the Abrahamic God |
|
Mahayana asserts animals can achieve enlightenment |
|
past lives of Gautama Buddha |
|
Tathagatagarbha Doctrine |
| solitary buddhas |
|
| Gautama Buddha persuaded by Indra to teach |
|
