Bude
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Bude | |
| Cornish: Bud | |
  Bude shown within Cornwall |
|
| Population | 9,242 (2001 Census[1]) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | |
| Parish | Bude-Stratton |
| District | North Cornwall |
| Shire county | Cornwall |
| Region | South West |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BUDE |
| Postcode district | EX23 |
| Dialling code | 01288 |
| Police | Devon and Cornwall |
| Fire | Cornwall |
| Ambulance | South Western |
| European Parliament | South West England |
| UK Parliament | North Cornwall |
| List of places: UK • England • Cornwall | |
Bude (Cornish: Bud) is a small seaside resort town in North Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, at the mouth of the River Neet. Bude is twinned with Ergué-Gabéric, France. It is suggested that the modern name is a shortened form of Bude Haven and that this in turn was a corruption of the name Bede Haven meaning "Harbour of the holy men" suggesting Bude might have been a landing place for early Christians.
Its earlier importance was as a harbour, and then a source of sea sand useful for improving the moorland soil. The Victorians favoured it as a watering place, and it was a popular seaside destination in the twentieth century.
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[edit] Landscape and geology
Bude and the surrounding area has impressive coastal scenery. Many ships have been wrecked on the jagged reefs which fringe their base. The figure-head of one of these, the "Bencoolen" lost in 1862, is preserved in the churchyard.
The Carboniferous sandstone cliffs that surround Bude (and stretch down as far as Crackington Haven) were formed during the Carboniferous Era, around 300 million years ago. The folded and contorted stratification of shale and sandstone is unique in southern England, although the Gower peninsula and the Vale of Glamorgan, across the Bristol Channel in Wales, have a similar stratification. During the Variscan Orogeny, which affected the entire Cornish coast, the cliffs were pushed up from underneath the sea, creating the overlapping strata. As the sands and cliffs around Bude contain calcium carbonate (a natural fertiliser), farmers used to take sand from the beach, for spreading on their fields. The cliffs around Bude are the only ones in Cornwall that are made of carboniferous sandstone, as most of the Cornish coast is geologically formed of Devonian slate, granite and Precambrian metamorphic rocks). The stratified cliffs of Bude give their name to a geological event called the Bude Formation. Many formations can be viewed from the South West Coast Path which passes through the town.
[edit] The town
Present-day Bude is a pleasant small town with character. It has two beaches with excellent broad sands close to the town itself, and is a good centre for adjacent beaches. Its sea front faces west and the Atlantic rollers make for good surfing when conditions are right.
The main access road in and out of Bude is the Atlantic Highway.
Notable buildings include the early English parish church, St Olaf's in the village of Poughill just outside of Bude, the parish church of St Michael and All Angels, Ebbingford Manor, and the town's oldest house, Quay Cottage in the centre of town. Bude Canal, which once ran to Launceston, now runs only a few miles inland.
Until the start of the twentieth century, the neighbouring town of Stratton was dominant, and a local saying is "Stratton was a market town when Bude was just a furzy down", meaning Stratton was long established when Bude was just gorse-covered downland.
[edit] Beaches
There are a number of good beaches in the Bude area, many of which offer good surfing conditions. Bude was the founder club in British Surf Life Saving.
- Summerleaze and Crooklets beaches are both within the town;
- Widemouth Bay is a few miles south of the town and offers a long, wide sandy beach;
- Sandymouth Beach is owned by the National Trust, and has spectacular cliffs and rock formations with shingle below the cliffs and a large expanse of sand at low tide.
- Northcott Mouth Beach is situated north of Bude
[edit] Bude Harbour and Canal
In the eighteenth century there was a small unprotected tidal harbour at Bude, but it was difficult whenever the sea was up. The Bude Canal Company built a canal and improved the harbour.
Around twenty small boats use the tidal moorings of the original harbour during the summer months. Most are sport fishermen, but there is also some small-scale, semi-commercial, fishing for crab and lobster.
There is a wharf on the Bude Canal about half a mile from the sea lock that links the canal to the tidal haven. This can be opened only at or near high tide, and then only when sea conditions allow. North Cornwall District Council [1] administer the canal, harbour and lock gates. These gates were recently renewed, as the originals were damaged in a storm. They are the only manually-operated sea lock gates in England. The pier head by the locks is a Grade II listed structure.
The canal is one of the few of note in south-west England. Its original purpose was to take small tub boats of mineral-rich sand from the beaches at Bude and carry them inland for agricultural use on fields. A series of inclined planes carried the boats over 400 vertical feet to Red Post, where the canal branched south along the upper Tamar Valley towards Launceston, east to Holsworthy and north to the Tamar Lakes, that fed the canal. The enterprise was always in financial difficulty, but it carried considerable volumes of sand and also coal from south Wales. The arrival at Holsworthy of the railway, and the production of cheap manufactured fertiliser undermined the canal's commercial purpose, and it was closed down and sold to the district municipal water company. However the wharf area and harbour enjoyed a longer success, and coastal sailing ships carried grain across to Wales and coal back to Cornwall.
In 2005 a major project to re-develop the canal was approved. Work included improving the banks and opening-up a long-closed section of canal.
[edit] Victorian resort
In the latter part of Queen Victoria's reign, the middle classes were discovering the attractions of sea bathing, and the romantic movement encouraged an appreciation of wild scenery and the Arthurian Legend. The London and South Western Railway was anxious to develop holiday making in North Cornwall and extended a railway branch line to Holsworthy, opened in 1879. There was a horse-drawn coach connection to Bude. The line was extended to Bude itself in 1898.
These developments encouraged the holiday trade, but Bude never rivalled Newquay and the south Cornwall and Devon resorts.
[edit] Railway connections
Bude first had a railway connection at Holsworthy, ten miles away, in 1879; the railway came to Bude itself in 1898[2].
The Bude branch line was closed on 1st October 1966, and Bude now finds itself rather distant from the rail network: Barnstaple (35 miles north east) and Liskeard (35 miles south) are the nearest National Rail stations. Although there is "rail link" coach service that runs from Exeter St Davids train station to Bude Strand via both Okehampton and Holsworthy.
[edit] Temple of the Winds
At the northern most point of Efford Down Farm, over looking Summerleaze Beach and the breakwater, a former coastguard lookout stands. Known as Compass Point and built by the Acland family in 1840 of local sandstone, it is based on the Temple of Winds in Athens. It was moved to its current position in 1880. It is so called as it has points of the compass carved in each of its octagonal sides.[3]
[edit] Industry
Tourism is the main industry in the Bude area whilst some fishing is carried on. In the past, the staple trade was the export of sand, which, being highly charged with carbonate of lime, was much used for manure. There are also golf links in the town. There is some local debate as to the origins of the golf course. It has been suggested the land the course occupies was given to the town for leisure use and that a few wealthy individuals took it to create a golf course excluding most of the townspeople from full enjoyment of the land.[citation needed]
Bude has an industrial estate which houses Bott Ltd, who manufacture racking and tool holding accessories and storage systems for vans and workshops, and Tripos Receptor Research who produce prototypes of drugs for the pharmaceutical industry.
[edit] Local government
Bude is in the North Cornwall parliamentary constituency. It developed from the much older market town of Stratton, 1 1/8 miles inland to the east. In common with many rural towns, there is a three-tier structure of local government: Cornwall County Council (administers, for example, schools and highways); North Cornwall District Council (canal and harbour, refuse and recycling collection, street cleanliness); and Bude-Stratton Town Council (local children's playground, Bude "castle"). There was some local argument when the town council adopted the name Bude-Stratton, as it was previously Stratton-Bude. Bude's population in 1901 was 2308; by 2001 it had risen to 4674 [2].
[edit] The Bude 'Boom'
On the 26th October 2006 at approximately 11:50 am, Bude was the apparent epicentre of a loud and unexplained noise which rapidly became known as "The Bude Boom". The local media reported some damage to properties around the Bude area and local authorities received many calls about a suspected explosion, although no evidence was found to support this. Experts have ruled out the possibility of an earth tremor and have suggested that it may have been caused either by a military aircraft breaking the sound barrier[4] or a meteor exploding in the atmosphere.[5]
[edit] References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
- ^ Bude-Stratton CP (Parish) Information on Bude-Stratton CP (Parish). National Statistics Online. Retrieved on 2007-10-05.
- ^ Wroe, D J, The Bude Branch, 1988, Kingfisher Railway Productions, ISBN 0 946184 43 7
- ^ Efford Down Stables, Camping, and Business Park - Bude, Cornwall, UK
- ^ bbc.co.uk, "Mystery 'explosion' damages homes", BBC, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cornwall/6088008.stm](accessed 2006-10-29)
- ^ bbc.co.uk, "'Meteor' caused mystery explosion", BBC, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/6096208.stm (accessed 2006-10-29)
[edit] External links
- About Bude
- bude.net
- Bude Tourist Information Website
- Bude Webcam (updates every 7 minutes)
- Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for Bude
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