Bryant and May
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Bryant and May was a United Kingdom company created specifically in the mid nineteenth century to make matches. Their original Bryant and May Factory was located in Bow, London. They later opened other match factories in the United Kingdom and Australia, such as the Bryant and May Factory, Melbourne; and owned match factories in other parts of the world.
Bryant and May survived for over seventy years as an independent company, but it no longer exists. They merged with other match companies and later with consumer products companies; and were taken over.
The registered trade name Bryant and May still exists and it is owned by Swedish Match; as are many of the other registered trade names of the other, formerly independent, companies within the Bryant and May group.
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[edit] Formation of Bryant and May
A partnership was formed in 1843 between, two Quakers, Francis May and William Bryant, to established a Provisions Merchants business in Tooley Street, London. In 1850 they started importing Swedish matches, produced by Carl and Johan Lündström.[1] Their first order was for 10 or 15 cases of 720,000 matches (each case held 50 gross boxes, with a box holding 100 matches). The next order was for 50 cases; and later orders for 500 cases. This partnership was successful, so Francis May and William Bryant decided to merge the partnership with Bryant's company, Bryant and James, which was based in Plymouth.[1] By 1853 Bryant and May were selling over 8 million boxes of matches per year; which was approximately 50% of the output of the Lundström brothers.[1]
The company, Bryant and May, was founded with the specific aim of making only Safety Matches.[2] They were influential in fighting against the dreadful disease known as Phossy jaw which was caused by white phosphorus used in the manufacture of the early matches.[2]
They started in 1861, on a site in Bow, which had once been used for the manufacture of candles, crinoline and rope, but had fallen into disrepair. This site was gradually expanded as a model factory.
However the public were initially unwilling to buy the more expensive safety matches so they also had to make the traditional Lucifer Matches.
They were the target of the London matchgirls strike of 1888, which won important improvements in working conditions and pay for the mostly female workforce.
[edit] The expansion of the Bryant and May group
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[edit] Survival by merger with other match makers
To protect its position Bryant and May merged with or took over its rivals. These were:
- Diamond Match
In 1901 the American match maker The Diamond Match Company bought an existing match factory in the United Kingdom, at Bootle, near Liverpool, and installed a continuous match making machine that could produce 600,000 matches per hour. Their matches were sold under the Captain Webb, Puck and Swan Vesta brand names.
Bryant and May could not compete, so in 1905 they bought the assets and goodwill of the British Diamond Match Company; and the (American) Diamond Match Company acquired 54.5 percent of the share capital of Bryant and May.
- S.J.Moreland and Sons
In 1913 Bryant and May also took over the Gloucester match maker S.J.Moreland and Sons, who made and sold matches under the trade name England's Glory.
[edit] Swedish Match
In 1926 Bryant and May combined with a British match importer and the Swedish Match Company to become the British Match Corporation.
[edit] Joint company formed with Albright and Wilson
In 1929 the British Match Corporation set up a jointly-owned company with another Quaker company Albright and Wilson: The A & W Match Phosphorus Company. It took over the part of Albright and Wilson's Oldbury site, that was manufacturing amorphous phosphorus and phosphorus sesquisulfide; as these two chemicals were used in safety matches and strike anywhere matches, respectively.[2]
[edit] Merger with Wilkinson Sword
In 1973 the British Match Corporation merged with Wilkinson Sword to form the new company Wilkinson Match.
Wilkinson Match's shares were acquired by US company Allegheny International between 1978 and 1980 with the company taking full ownership in 1980. In 1987, Swedish Match re-accquired the company. It later sold on the Wilkinson Sword business retaining the match business. [3]
[edit] Closure
In 1971 the Northern Ireland factory, Maguire & Patterson closed down following a terrorist attack. The original Bow match factory was closed in 1979, when it still employed 275 people; unlike some of the other match factories little recent investment had taken place. The Bow factory premises is a listed building and was subsequently converted into flats. [4]
In the 1980s, factories in Gloucester and Glasgow closed too leaving Liverpool as the last match factory in the UK. This continued until December 1994.[5]. The premises survive today as The Matchworks office complex.
The former Australian match factory, in Melbourne, closed in the mid-1980s. This was converted into offices in 1989.[6]
The British match brands continue to survive as brands of Swedish Match and are made outside the UK. Other parts of the merged company involved in shaving products survive, and still use the trade name Wilkinson Sword in Europe; and the Snick trade name elsewhere. However,the shaving products are made in Germany.
[edit] Products
[edit] Vitafruit
Confectionery manufactured by the Bryant & May group in 1988. There were three varieties including tropical fruit flavour (Vitafruit), mint (Vitamint) and a throat soother (Vitasooth).
When Swedish Match acquired Bryant & May the confectionery arm of the business was sold and eventually the new owners stopped production of Vitafruit.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] Further reading
- Beaver, Patrick, (1985). The Match Makers: The Story of Bryant & May. London: Henry Melland Limited. ISBN 0-907929-11-7.
- Emsley, John (2000). The shocking history of Phosphorus: a biography of the Devil's element. London: Macmillian. ISBN 0-333-76638-5.
- Threlfall, Richard E. (1951). The Story of 100 years of Phosphorus Making 1851 - 1951, Oldbury: Albright & Wilson Limited.
- Competition Commission (1987). Bryant & May and Wilkinson Sword
www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1987/fulltext/217c02.pdf
