Brudenell White
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| Sir Cyril Brudenell Bingham White | |
|---|---|
| 23 September 1876 - 13 August 1940 (aged 63) | |
.jpg/250px-Brudenell_White_(AWM_001110).jpg) |
|
| Nickname | Brudenell |
| Place of birth | St Arnaud, Victoria, Australia |
| Place of death | Canberra, Australia |
| Allegiance | Australian Army |
| Years of service | 1897-1923 (retired) March-August, 1940 (recalled to duty) |
| Rank | General |
| Battles/wars | Second Boer War |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Distinguished Service Order Mention in Despatches (8) |
| Other work | Chairman of the Public Service Board |
General Sir Cyril Brudenell Bingham White KCB, KCMG, KCVO, DSO (23 September 1876 – 13 August 1940), Australian soldier, was Chief of the General Staff of the Australian Army from 1920 to 1923 and again from March to August 1940, when he was killed in the Canberra air disaster.
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[edit] Early Life and Career
White was born in St Arnaud in Victoria. He joined the colonial militia force in Queensland in 1898, and served in the Boer War. In 1901 he became a founding member of the new Australian Army, and in 1906 was the first Australian officer to attended the British Army staff college. In 1912 he returned to Australia and became Director of Military Operations, at a time when Andrew Fisher's Labor government was expanding Australia's defence capacity.
[edit] World War I
When World War I broke out in 1914, he supervised the first contingents of the Australian Imperial Force to go the front. At Gallipoli, he was chief of staff to Major General Sir William Bridges and then to William Birdwood, gaining the rank of Brigadier General. After the evacuation from Gallipoli which he masterminded as "The Silence Ruse", he was chief administrative officer of the AIF in France, under the command of John Monash. In the battle for the Pozières plateau at the end of July he allowed the confidence of others to bear down his own misgivings, but after this failure, when the senior British commander General Douglas Haig was finding fault with Birdwood and White, he stood up to Haig and pointed out that whatever mistakes had been made, the commander-in-chief had been misinformed in several particulars, which White then proceeded to specify. Haig was so impressed that when he had finished he put his hand on White's shoulder and said, "I dare say you're right, young man." During 1917 the value of the Australian troops was being more and more appreciated, but among the troops themselves there was some feeling that they were being too often sacrificed through the mistakes of the higher command. By September White had become convinced that as far as possible piecemeal operations must be avoided, that too great advances should not be attempted, and that there must be a proper use of artillery barrage. These tactics were successfully applied in the Menin-road battle on 20 September, and in subsequent thrusts.
Early in 1918 White, realizing the difficulties of repatriation at the end of the war, raised the problem of what would have to be done while the men were waiting for shipping. This led to the educational scheme afterwards adopted. In May, Birdwood and White, at the request of General Rawlinson, prepared plans for an offensive but these were shelved in the meanwhile. When General Birdwood was given command of the fifth army, the choice of his successor in command of the Australian corps lay between Monash and White. Monash was White's senior and, though White's reputation stood very high, it was impossible to pass over so capable and successful an officer as Monash. White was given the important position of Chief of the General Staff of Birdwood's army. It was a happy combination, for though Birdwood was a great leader of men he was less interested in organization, and White had a genius for it.
[edit] Between the Wars
After the war White was Chief of the General Staff until his retirement in 1923. In the same year he was appointed Chairman of the newly constituted Commonwealth Public Service Board, supervising the transfer of departments from Melbourne to the new capital, Canberra. In 1928 he chose not to move to Canberra, declining a further term with the Public Service Board in order to remain close to his home and grazing property "Woodnaggerak" near Buangor, Victoria.
[edit] World War II and Death
In 1940, as Australia mobilised the 2nd AIF to take part in World War II, White was recalled to service at the age of 64 and re-appointed Chief of the General Staff. He would probably have become Australia's overall military commander in that war instead of Thomas Blamey had he not been aboard the Royal Australian Air Force plane which crashed in the Canberra air disaster on 13 August 1940, killing all aboard.
Monash described him as "far and away the ablest soldier Australia had ever turned out".
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Lieutenant General James Gordon Legge CB, CMG |
Chief of the General Staff 1920-1923 |
Succeeded by General Sir Henry Chauvel GCMG, KCB |
| Preceded by Major General John Northcott CB |
Chief of the General Staff 1940 |
Succeeded by Lieutenant General Ernest Squires CB, DSO, MC |
[edit] References
- Serle, Percival (1949). "White, Cyril Brudenell Bingham". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
- Derham, Rosemary, "The Silence Ruse", Cliffe Books 1998, ISBN 0 95853 691 0
- Biography - Austraian War Memorial
- This article incorporates text from the public domain 1949 edition of Dictionary of Australian Biography from Project Gutenberg of Australia, which is in the public domain in Australia and the United States of America.
