Bruce P. Crandall

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Bruce P. Crandall
Born 1933 (age 74–75)
Major Bruce P. Crandall (1965), Medal of Honor Recipient
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1953-1977
Rank	Lieutenant Colonel
Battles/wars	Korean War Vietnam War *Battle of Ia Drang
Awards	Medal of Honor Distinguished Flying Cross (2) Bronze Star Purple Heart
Other work	City Manager, Dunsmuir, California Public Works Manager, Mesa, Arizona

Bruce P. Crandall (born 1933) is a retired U.S. Army officer who was awarded the Medal of Honor on 26 February 2007 for his heroic actions during the Battle of Ia Drang on 14 November 1965, in which he repeatedly flew an unarmed helicopter into enemy fire to bring in ammunition and supplies and evacuate the wounded. Crandall flew 22 flights that day, most of them under intense enemy fire, and a total of over 900 combat missions during the Vietnam War.

1 Early life
2 Military service
3 Medal of Honor citation
4 Later life
5 Military awards
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links

[edit] Early life

Bruce Crandall was born in 1933. He was raised in Olympia, Washington where in high school he became an All-American baseball player. He was drafted into the United States Army in 1953 to serve in the Korean War. He married his wife Arlene on March 31, 1956 in Kent, Washington. They have three sons.

[edit] Military service

After commissioning and graduation from fixed-wing and helicopter training conducted by the United States Air Force and Army, he was assigned to a mapping group based out of the Presidio of San Francisco "that at the time was the largest flying military aviation unit in the world." From there he went on to fly Cessna L-19 Bird Dogs and de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beavers in Alaska, again for topographic studies.

Crandall's first overseas flying assignment was to Wheelus Air Force Base in Tripoli, Libya, mapping the desert for two years flying de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter, Beaver, Birddog and OH-23 Raven aircraft as an instructor pilot and unit test pilot.

His next overseas tours were flying over thousands of square miles of previously unmapped mountains and jungles in Central and South America. For this mission, he was based out of Howard Air Force Base, Panama, and Costa Rica. While assigned to the 11th Air Assault Division, Crandall helped develop air-assault tactics as a platoon commander. In early 1965, he joined the Dominican Republic Expeditionary Force as a liaison to the 18th Airborne Corps.

Later that year, he would command the 1st Cavalry Division's Company A, 229th Assault Helicopter Battalion at An Khe, Vietnam. Using the call sign "Ancient Serpent 6," he led a flying unit supporting eight battalions on the ground.

Crandall's UH-1 Huey dispatching infantry in the Ia Drang operation

On November 14, 1965, Crandall led the first major division operation of air mobile troops into Landing Zone X-Ray in Vietnam's Ia Drang Valley for the Battle of Ia Drang and is credited with evacuating some 70 wounded comrades with his wing man and fellow Medal of Honor recipient Major Ed Freeman. The two also flew in the ammunition needed for the 7th Cavalry to survive. The craft he was flying was unarmed.

In January 1966, during the first combined American and South Vietnamese Army operation, "Operation Masher", Crandall, while under intense enemy fire and with only a spot flashlight beam to guide him, twice dropped his Huey helicopter through the dense jungle canopy to rescue 12 wounded soldiers. For his courage in that incident Crandall received the Aviation & Space Writers Helicopter Heroism Award for 1966.

After an assignment in Colorado, he attended the Armed Forces Staff College. Soon he was back in Vietnam, this time flying Huey gunships - "a big improvement" -- supporting the 1st Battalion, 9th Cavalry Squadron, 1st Cavalry Division.

In January 1968, four months into his second tour, Crandall's helicopter was downed during another rescue attempt due to Air Force bombs going off too close to where he was flying. After five months in the hospital, with a broken back and other injuries, he resumed his career as a student earning a bootstrap degree through the University of Nebraska in 1969. In Bangkok, Thailand, he would become a facility engineer managing 3800 people. He subsequently served as deputy chief of staff, deputy installation commander, and commander of the 5th Engineer Combat Battalion, all at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri.

South America was supposed to be his next assignment, and he and his wife, Arlene, attended the Defense Language Institute, Monterey, California. as Spanish language students in preparation as aviation and engineering adviser to Argentina - an assignment that never came. A stroke sidelined Crandall, ending his flying career. After his recovery, the Crandalls did find the language training useful when he was sent to Caracas, Venezuela, as the Defense Mapping Agency's director for the Interamerican Geodetic Survey.

In his final Army assignment, he served as senior engineer adviser to the California Army National Guard.

Crandall retired from the Army in 1977 as a lieutenant colonel.

[edit] Medal of Honor citation

Bruce Crandall receiving the Medal of Honor

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty:

Major Bruce P. Crandall distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism as a Flight Commander in the Republic of Vietnam, while serving with Company A, 229th Assault Helicopter Battalion, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). On 14 November 1965, his flight of sixteen helicopters was lifting troops for a search and destroy mission from Plei Me, Vietnam, to Landing Zone X-Ray in the Ia Drang Valley. On the fourth troop lift, the airlift began to take enemy fire, and by the time the aircraft had refueled and returned for the next troop lift, the enemy had Landing Zone X-Ray targeted. As Major Crandall and the first eight helicopters landed to discharge troops on his fifth troop lift, his unarmed helicopter came under such intense enemy fire that the ground commander ordered the second flight of eight aircraft to abort their mission. As Major Crandall flew back to Plei Me, his base of operations, he determined that the ground commander of the besieged infantry battalion desperately needed more ammunition. Major Crandall then decided to adjust his base of operations to Artillery Firebase Falcon in order to shorten the flight distance to deliver ammunition and evacuate wounded soldiers. While medical evacuation was not his mission, he immediately sought volunteers and with complete disregard for his own personal safety, led the two aircraft to Landing Zone X-Ray. Despite the fact that the landing zone was still under relentless enemy fire, Major Crandall landed and proceeded to supervise the loading of seriously wounded soldiers aboard his aircraft. Major Crandall's voluntary decision to land under the most extreme fire instilled in the other pilots the will and spirit to continue to land their own aircraft, and in the ground forces the realization that they would be resupplied and that friendly wounded would be promptly evacuated. This greatly enhanced morale and the will to fight at a critical time. After his first medical evacuation, Major Crandall continued to fly into and out of the landing zone throughout the day and into the evening. That day he completed a total of 22 flights, most under intense enemy fire, retiring from the battlefield only after all possible service had been rendered to the Infantry battalion. His actions provided critical resupply of ammunition and evacuation of the wounded. Major Crandall's daring acts of bravery and courage in the face of an overwhelming and determined enemy are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army.

[edit] Later life

Crandall received a Master's Degree in Public Administration from Golden Gate University in 1977. Following his retirement, Crandall utilized his master's degree to become city manager of Dunsmuir, California for three years. He and his wife, Arlene, then moved to Mesa, Arizona, where he served in the Public Works Department for 13 years, the last four as the public works manager.

In 1994, Crandall was inducted into the United States Air Force's "Gathering of Eagles" - an organization set up to recognize pioneers of aviation and heroic flyers.

In 2001, Crandall was an aviation consultant on the movie We Were Soldiers about the Battle of Ia Drang. The movie, based on the book "We Were Soldiers Once...And Young" was released in 2002. Crandall was portrayed in the film by actor Greg Kinnear.

In 2004, Crandall was inducted into the Army Aviation Hall of Fame.^[1]

On February 26, 2007, Crandall received the Medal of Honor by President George W. Bush in a ceremony in the East Room of the White House.^[2]

He resides with his wife in Port Orchard, Washington.