Brotherhood cemetery (Sevastopol)
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The Brotherhood cemetery (Russian: Братское кладбище на Северной стороне) is an Imperial Russian military cemetery in Sevastopol, Ukraine. The Brotherhood cemetery was founded in 1854 as a temporary burial place for Russian soldiers and officers who were killed during the first siege of Sevastopol. Three burials were created according to order of admiral Vladimir Kornilov near the Northern fort of Sevastopol. Then the cemetries were unitied because of severe casualties among the defenders of the besieged Russian city. It is approximated that there were buried from 100 000 to 127 000 of Russian military men[1].
The cemetery has 472 collective and 130 individual graves. The collective graves contain 50 - 100 or more bodies of soldiers. The individual graves contain bodies of officers.
There were buried famous Russian military commanders:
- Eduard Ivanovich Totleben,
- Stepan Alexandrovich Khrulyov,
- Mihkail Dmitriyevich Gorchakov.
In 1870 in the upper part of the cemetery hill it was built a pyramidal Orthodox Saint Nicholas church. The inner part of the church is covered with plates containing the names of Russian officers killed during the siege. The outer walles of the church contain plates with names of all regiments and military units who defended the city, with the information about dates and casualties in every unit.
The cemetry hill served as a place for a command post of the 4th defence sector of the besieged Soviet troops during the second siege of Sevastopol (1941-1942). The cemetry has been severely bombarded and then turned into a battleplace between the Red Army and Nazi Germany troops. Saint Nicholas Church and the cemetry itself were partially destroyed.
After the fightings the cemetry was expanded with the graves of Soviet soldiers killed in World War II actions and killed with the sinking of Soviet battleship Novorossiysk (1955).
